© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Rising Family Planning Use, Developing Countries Married Women 15 to 49 Using Any Method Percent Source: Population Reference Bureau, Family Planning Worldwide 2002 Data Sheet.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Average number of children per woman Trends in Childbearing, by Region Source: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision, 2005.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Every region has been experiencing declines in levels of childbearing. The greatest declines since the late 1960s have occurred in Asia and in Latin America and the Caribbean. However, at the beginning of this century, only the more developed regions have childbearing levels below the replacement level of 2.1, the level required for population to eventually stop growing and stabilize at a given size. Women in Africa have the highest number of children: on average, about five children each, compared with nearly seven children 30 years ago. Women in more developed countries have the fewest children, with an average birth rate of 1.6 now compared with 2.4 in the late 1960s. This low level of childbearing, combined with an older population, accounts for population declines in many European countries. Notes on Trends in Childbearing, by Region

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Use of Modern Contraception Married Women 15 to 49 Using Modern Methods Percent Note: More developed regions, according to the United Nations Population Division, include Australia, New Zealand, Europe, North America, and Japan. Less developed regions include Africa, Asia (excluding Japan), and Latin America and the Caribbean; the UN designates 49 countries within these regions as least developed. Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2004 World Population Data Sheet; figure for least developed countries based on PRB calculations.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Modern Contraceptive Use, Developing Countries Married Women 15 to 49 Using Modern Methods, Late 1990s, Early 2000s Percent * Data prior to Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Family Planning Methods, Worldwide Note: Total exceeds 100 due to rounding. Source: United Nations Population Division, World Contraceptive Use Married or In-Union Women of Reproductive Age Using Family Planning, 1999

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Family Planning Methods, Developed Countries Source: United Nations Population Division, World Contraceptive Use Married or In-Union Women of Reproductive Age Using Family Planning, 1996

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Family Planning Methods, Developing Countries Married or In-Union Women of Reproductive Age Using Family Planning, 1999 Note: Total exceeds 100 due to rounding. Source: United Nations Population Division, World Contraceptive Use 2005.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Family Planning Methods, Sub-Saharan Africa Married Women 15 to 49 Using Family Planning, Late 1990s Source: Population Reference Bureau, Family Planning Worldwide 2002 Data Sheet. Note: Total exceeds 100 percent due to rounding.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Unmet Need for Family Planning Married Women 15 to 49 Not Using Family Planning Percent Source: DHS STATcompiler: accessed online at on June 8,

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Projected Rise in Number of Contraceptive Users Married or In Union Women 15 to 49 in Developing Countries Who Use Contraception Millions Source: PRB estimate based on data from the UN’s World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision (medium scenario); the UN’s World Contraceptive Use 2003; and PRB’s 2004 World Population Data Sheet. 722

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Notes on Projected Rise in Number of Contraceptive Users The number of contraceptive users is projected to increase more than 40 percent by 2015, due to both population growth and increased demand for family planning.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Donor Support for Contraceptives and Estimated Costs Millions of US$ Contraceptive Costs, Developing Countries Source: UNFPA, Donor Support for Contraceptives and Condoms for STI/HIV Prevention Total Estimated Contraceptive Costs (including condoms) Total Estimated Contraceptive Costs Actual Donor Support

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Notes on Contraceptive Costs, Developing Countries Although some developing countries can cover their own contraceptive costs, most lack the foreign exchange and manufacturing capacity to meet their own needs without some assistance from donors.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Disparities Within Countries in Contraceptive Use Married Women 15 to 49 Using a Modern Method, by Wealth Category Percent Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Notes on Disparities Within Countries in Contraceptive Use Recent research highlights the enormous differences in range of demographic variables between the richest and poorest members of society. For example, among the poorest women in Tanzania, only 11 percent use contraception, while 36 percent of the wealthiest do. Family planning programs face ongoing challenges to meet the needs of countries’ poorest citizens.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Contraceptive Prevalence and Total Fertility Rate MDR* LAC** Asia Africa Percent of married women 15 to 49 using contraception Average number of children per woman Contraceptive Use and Childbearing * MDR=More Developed Regions; ** LAC=Latin America and the Caribbean. Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Higher levels of contraceptive use are associated with lower levels of childbearing. In Africa, where a small proportion of married women of childbearing age use contraception (21 percent), on average women have more than five children each. In contrast, in more developed regions, where a much greater percentage of married women of childbearing age use contraception (58 percent), women have fewer than two children on average. Notes on Contraceptive Use and Childbearing

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Contraceptive Prevalence and Total Fertility Rate Percent of married women 15 to 49 using contraception Average number of children per woman Contraception and Childbearing, Populous Countries Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2005 World Population Data Sheet. China Nigeria Pakistan Bangladesh India United States

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Infant Mortality Rate and Total Fertility Rate Africa Asia LAC* MDR** Annual deaths to infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births Average number of children per woman Infant Mortality and Childbearing, by Region * LAC=Latin America and the Caribbean; ** MDR=More Developed Regions. Source: Population Reference Bureau, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau High infant mortality may be both a cause and an effect of high levels of childbearing. In Africa, where infant mortality is high (88 infants die per 1,000 live births), on average women have over five children each. In contrast, in more developed regions, where infant mortality is low (6 infants die per 1,000 live births), women have fewer than two children on average. Notes on Infant Mortality and Childbearing, by Region

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Wanted Births, Worldwide Recent Births, by Mother’s Attitude, Late 1990s Note: Estimates based on approximately 60 percent of births worldwide. Source: Population Reference Bureau, Family Planning Worldwide 2002 Data Sheet.

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Unintended Births Births Reported by Women as Either Unwanted or Wanted Later Percent Source: DHS STATcompiler: accessed online at on June 14,

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau Pregnancy Outcomes Worldwide Abortions as a Share of Pregnancy Outcomes, Estimates for 1999 Note: The percentages are based on a 1996 UN projection of 210 million pregnancies for Source: Alan Guttmacher Institute, Sharing Responsibility: Women, Society, and Abortion Worldwide, 1999.