India

Words to Know   Ganges River   Arranged Marriages   Subsistence Farming   Caste System   Monsoons   Federal Republic   Independence   Gandhi Sovereign One that exercises supreme, permanent authority, especially in a nation or other governmental unit, as: A king, queen, or other noble person who serves as chief of state; a ruler or monarch. Or. A national governing council or committee.

Where is SOUTH ASIA??

South Asia

Satellite View of South Asia

South Asia: Physical Map

Bodies of Water Indus R. Ganges R. Arabian Sea Indian Ocean Bay of Bengal

Background   The Republic of India is the seventh largest country by geographical area, the second most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world.   Major world religions, Hinduism and Buddhism, originated here,

Background Continued   Gradually annexed by the British East India Company from the early eighteenth century and colonized by the United Kingdom from the mid-nineteenth century, India became a modern nation-state in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by widespread nonviolent resistance.

Interactive Notebook Question  Think-Pair-Share If India has one of the world’s largest economies then why is it still a very poor society?

  It appears the first people were Aryan Nomads from Europe.   They were followed by the Vedic Civilization, which laid the foundations of Hinduism and other cultural aspects of early Indian society.

The Himalayas  “him” [snow]  “aalaya” [home]  Mt. Everest is 29,035 feet. It is the highest mt. peak in the world.

Influence of Mountains: Population & Settlements - lower elevations have higher populations Movement -Khyber Pass – “gateway for invasions” Climate -block cold air from the North

History From the sixteenth century, the British used India as a colony for natural resources.

20 th Century History During the first half of the twentieth century, a nationwide struggle for independence was launched. Led by Mahatma Gandhi, and displaying commitment to non- violence, millions of protesters engaged in mass campaigns of civil disobedience against Great Britain.

Finally, on 15 August 1947, India gained independence from British rule, but was partitioned, in accordance to wishes of the Muslim League, along the lines of religion to create the Islamic nation-state of Pakistan. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Leader of the Muslim League

Graphic Organizer History: British colony. Gandhi fought for democracy and independance Pakistan: Divided India between Hindu and Muslim. Both have nuclear weapons. India

Interactive Notebook Question  Think-Pair-Share   What was the major division between people living in India and people living in Pakistan?

20 th Century History Since independence, India has experienced violence and insurgencies in various parts of the country, but has maintained its unity and democracy. It has unresolved territorial disputes with China, which in 1962 escalated into the brief Sino-Indian War; and with Pakistan, which resulted in wars in 1947, 1965, 1971, and 1999.

20 th Century History Beginning in 1991, significant economic reforms have transformed India into one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, adding to its global and regional clout.

Border problems

  The constitution of India, the longest and most exhaustive constitution of any independent nation in the world, came into force on January 26,   India has a federal form of government and a bicameral parliament.   It has three branches of governance: the Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary. Government

Government   The President of India is the official head of state elected indirectly by an electoral college for a five-year term.   The Prime Minister is, however, the de facto head of government and exercises most executive powers.

Describe the ways governments distribute power   Unitary- a form of government in which power is held by one central authority.   Confederation-voluntary associations of independent states that, to secure some common purpose, agree to certain limitations on their freedom of action and establish some joint machinery of consultation or deliberation.   Federal-a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities.   Which one is India today???? Write your answer in your Notes.

Citizen participation in government (Left Side)   Autocratic-government in which one person possesses unlimited power and the citizen has little if any role in the government.   Oligarchic-Government by the few, sometimes a government in which a small group exercises control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes. The citizen has very limited role.   Democratic-Government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly.   Which one is India today????   Write your answer in your Notes.

Describe the two predominant forms of democratic governments (Left Side)   Parliamentary-system of government having the real executive power vested in a cabinet composed of members of the legislature who are individually and collectively responsible to the legislature. May have a Prime Minister elected by the legislature.   Presidential-a system of government in which the president is constitutionally independent of the legislature.   Which one does India have today????   Write your answer in your Notes.

Graphic Organizer Politics: Federal Republic, Parliamentary Democracy History: British colony. Gandhi fought for democracy and independence Pakistan: Divided India between Hindu and Muslim. Both have nuclear weapons. India

Interactive Notebook Question  Think-Pair-Share   Name a country that is similar to the government in India.   Name two countries that have judicial systems similar to India.

Economy   Since 1991, India has gradually opened up its markets through economic reforms and reduced government controls on foreign trade and investment. Privatization of publicly-owned companies and the opening of certain sectors to private and foreign participation has continued amid political debate. India's per capita income is US$ 707.   The World Bank classifies India as low-income class state.   Although the Indian economy has grown steadily over the last two decades; its growth has been uneven when comparing different social groups, economic groups, geographic regions, and rural and urban areas.

Economy   Wealth distribution in India is fairly uneven, with the top 10% of income groups earning 33% of the income.   Despite significant economic progress, a quarter of the nation's population earns less than the government-specified poverty threshold of $0.40 per day. In 2004–2005, 27.5% of the population was living below the poverty line.

  India has the world's second largest labor force, with million people, 60% of whom are employed in agriculture and related industries; 28% in services and related industries; and 12% in industry.   Overpopulation is a big concern for India’s Economy, since World War II India has taken steps to limit population growth as a way to strengthen their economy.

Economy   While India has large amounts of natural resources the main resource needed for modern industrialization is OIL.   India is dependent on other nations for its oil supply.   This is a common occurrence for many countries in which they become dependant on another county for some of its natural resource needs.   “Natural resources are not evenly distributed around the world”

Economy   India's most important trading partners are the United States, the European Union, China, the United Arab Emirates, Singapore, and Australia.   More recently, India has capitalized on its large pool of educated, English- speaking people, and trained professionals to become an important outsourcing destination for multinational corporations and a popular destination for medical tourism.

Economy   India has also become a major exporter of software as well as financial, research, and technological services.   Its natural resources include arable land, bauxite, chromite, coal, diamonds, iron ore, limestone, manganese, mica, natural gas, petroleum, and titanium ore.

Economy   India has a mixed economy where the government makes some economic decisions, businesses and individuals make other decisions.   In 2005, however, the government put a stop to the privatization of the remaining government- owned industries.

 The “mix” refers to private and public ownership.  Foreign aid and foreign investment are crucial.  Urban areas have high-tech companies.  Three quarters of the population are farmers living in small villages.  India's "Green Revolution" allowed farmers to triple their crop by using modern science and technology. India’s “mixed economy”

Trade Barriers-Remember These?   A trade barrier is a general term that describes any government policy or regulation that restricts international trade. The barriers can take many forms, including:   Quotas--a type of protectionist trade restriction that sets a physical limit on the quantity of a good that can be imported into a country   Tariffs--a tax on goods when they cross a national border.   Embargo--the prohibition of trade with a certain country

Interactive Notebook Question  Think-Pair-Share   Is India’s economy an example of Command, Market, or Traditional?

  India is the world's twelfth largest economy.   Economic reforms have transformed it into the second fastest growing economy however, it still suffers from high levels of poverty, illiteracy, malnutrition and environmental degradation.

  The high population of India contributes to the country remaining an impoverished nation.   A pluralistic, multi-lingual, and multi-ethnic society, India is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.

Subsistence Farming   form of farming in which nearly all of the crops or livestock raised are used to maintain the farmer and his family, leaving little, if any, surplus for sale or trade.

Graphic Organizer Politics: Federal Republic, Parliamentary Democracy History: British colony. Gandhi fought for democracy and independence Pakistan: Divided India between Hindu and Muslim. Both have nuclear weapons. Economy: Mixed Economy, 12 th largest in the world. India

Interactive Notebook Question   Think-Pair-Share   An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company, enterprise, or venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome.   What do you think is the level of Entrepreneurship in India?

Ethnic group vs. Religious Group   Ethnic groups share many common characteristics such as language, physical features, customs, and traditions   Religious groups share a common belief system but are not necessarily composted of a single ethnic group.

Culture   India's culture has managed to preserve established traditions while absorbing new customs, traditions, and ideas from invaders and immigrants.   Indian Architecture, including notable monuments, such as the Taj Mahal   The Indian film industry is the largest in the world. Bollywood, based in Mumbai, makes commercial Hindi films and is the most prolific film industry in the world.

Culture   The staple food in the region is rice.   Spice originally native to the Indian subcontinent that are now consumed world wide include black pepper; hot chili peppers, popular across India, were introduced by the Portuguese.   India is home to the age- old discipline of yoga and to the ancient martial arts, Kalarippayattu and Varma Kalai

  An arranged marriage is arranged by someone other than the persons getting married, curtailing or avoiding the process of courtship.   Such marriages are not uncommon in the Middle East, parts of Africa, and Asia (Hindus).   This is an example of social institutions influences the behavior of people.

Graphic Organizer (Right Side) Politics: Federal Republic, Parliamentary Democracy History: British colony. Gandhi fought for democracy and independence Pakistan: Divided India between Hindu and Muslim. Both have nuclear weapons. Economy: Mixed Economy, 4 th largest in the world. Culture: some still practice arranged marriages. India

Rivers of South Asia: Ganges River -large delta, pollution, trade, irrigation, transportation, religion

The Ganges River System 1,560 miles long

“Mata Ganga” (Mother Ganges)

Demographics   With an estimated population of 1.12 billion, India is the world's second most populous country and the world's largest democracy. India's largest cities are Mumbai (formerly Bombay), Delhi, Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), Chennai (formerly Madras), Bangalore, and Hyderabad.

Population Map

  India is the second most culturally, linguistically and genetically diverse geographical entity after the African continent.   Hindi, with the largest number of speakers, is the official language of India.   English, which is extensively used in business and administration, is quickly become more widespread.   The number of dialects in India is as high as 1,652.

Demographics   Over 800 million Indians (80.5%) are Hindu.   Other religious groups include Muslims (13.4%), Christians (2.3%), Sikhs (1.9%), Buddhists (0.8%), Jains (0.4%), Jews, Zoroastrians, Bahá'ís and others. Tribals constitute 8.1% of the population.   India's literacy rate is 64.8% (53.7% for females and 75.3% for males).   The national gender ratio is 944 females per 1,000 males. India's median age is 24.9, and the population growth rate of 1.38% per annum; there are births per 1,000 people per year.

Graphic Organizer Politics: Federal Republic, Parliamentary Democracy History: British colony. Gandhi fought for democracy and independence Pakistan: Divided India between Hindu and Muslim. Both have nuclear weapons. Economy: Mixed Economy, 4 th largest in the world. Culture: some still practice arranged marriages. Demographics: Overpopulation, many different religions and ethnic groups. India

Weather   India’s climate is dominated by monsoons. Monsoons are strong, often violent winds that change direction with the season.   Monsoon winds blow from cold to warm regions because cold air takes up more space than warm air.   Monsoons blow from the land toward the sea in winter, and from the sea toward land in the summer, thus creating a dry season then a rainy season.   India’s winters are hot and dry.   The monsoon winds blow from the northeast and carry little moisture.   The temperature is high because the Himalayas form a barrier that prevents cold air from passing onto the subcontinent.   Additionally, most of India lies between the Tropic of Cancer and the equator, so the sun’s rays shine directly on the land. The temperature can reach as high as 110 o F during the Indian winter.

MONSOONS “Season” (Arabic) Summer Monsoon (Wet) Winter Monsoon (Dry) Violent Mudslides/Flooding Welcomed by some for fertilization.

Monsoons   The summer monsoons roar onto the subcontinent from the southwest.   The winds carry moisture from the Indian Ocean and bring heavy rains from June to September.   The torrential rainstorms often cause violent landslides.   Entire villages have been swept away during monsoon rains.   Despite the potential for destruction, the summer monsoons are welcomed in India.   Farmers depend on the rains to irrigate their land.

Graphic Organizer Politics: Federal Republic, Parliamentary Democracy History: British colony. Gandhi fought for democracy and independence Pakistan: Divided India between Hindu and Muslim. Both have nuclear weapons. Environmental Issues: Pollution of the Ganges River Economy: Mixed Economy, 4 th largest in the world. Culture: some still practice arranged marriages. Demographics: Overpopulation, many different religions and ethnic groups. Climate: Dry Season, Wet Season. Mostly warm year round. India

India Learning Log Essay   Now that you understand India answer this question in a three paragraph essay:   What are three issues facing India today that may concern the Indian government and how would you suggest they solve those problems?

Bibliography   California State University, Chico January 2008   Central Intelligence Agency, World Fact Book, January 6, 2008   Dowling, Mike, "Monsoons at mrdowling.com," available from Internet; updated Monday, July 11, ©2008, Mike Dowling. All rights reserved.   India Ministry of Tourism January 6, 2008   India Overpopulation. CNN. January 2008   Taj Mahal Picture. Taj_Mahal-whole_structure_in_all_glory.jpg. January 6, 2008   Yoga. January 6, 2008   India Clothing. April 25,   Math Basics. April 25, 2008.