1. CHAPTER 25 PART 1 INDIA

2. INVASIONS, EMPIRES, AND INDEPENDENCE  FIRST CIVILIZATIONS IN THE INDUS VALLEY AROUND 2500 B.C.  ARYAN PEOPLE SETTLED ON THE PLAINS  LOWER GANGES PEOPLE PRACTICED BUDDHISM AND THEIR LEADER HELPED SPREAD IT THROUGHOUT ASIA

3. INVADERS  MUSLIMS CONQUERED THE INDUS VALLEY AND ESTABLISHED THE MUGHAL EMPIRE IN THE 1500S BRITAIN ESTABLISHED INDIA AS A COLONY FROM 1857-1947, A PERIOD KNOWN AS THE RAJ

4. GANDHI  LEADER OF THE INDIAN PEOPLE WHO WANTED INDEPENDENCE FROM BRITAIN HIS PROTEST MOVEMENT WAS HIS PROTEST MOVEMENT WASBASED ON NON-VIOLENT RESISTANCE LATER, MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. WOULD ADOPT HIS METHODS DURING THE 1960’S CIVIL RIGHTS DEMONSTRATIONS IN THE U.S.

6. WORLD’S LARGEST DEMOCRACY

7.  INDIA HAS A PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM LIKE GREAT BRITAIN  IT HAS A STRONG CENTRAL GOVERNMENT LIKE THE UNITED STATES  IT IS A MULTICULTURAL COUNTRY  THERE ARE TENSIONS BETWEEN SOME ETHNIC GROUPS

8. THE GREAT MIGRATION  IN 1947, MUSLIMS WERE FORCED TO LEAVE INDIA IN A NEWLY- CREATED NATION CALLED PAKISTAN

10. THOSE IN EAST INDIA MOVED TO EAST PAKISTAN (NOW BANGLADESH) AND THOSE IN WEST INDIA MOVED TO WEST PAKISTAN

11.  TWO ETHNIC GROUPS, THE SIKHS AND THE TAMILS HAVE BEEN RESPONSIBLE FOR ASSASSINATION AND VIOLENCE  IN SPITE OF THIS, INDIA HAS MAINTAINED PEACEFUL GOVERNMENT

12. ECONOMIC CHALLENGES  2/3 OF INDIA’S PEOPLE ARE FARMERS  1/5 OF INDIA’S POPULATION LIVES IN POVERTY  5 % OF FAMILIES IN INDIA OWN NEARLY 25 % OF THE LAND  THIS MEANS THAT MOST INDIANS STRUGGLE TO RAISE ENOUGH FOOD TO FEED THEIR FAMILIES

13. LAND REFORM  LOOK IN YOUR BOOK ON PAGE 569.  WHY HAS LAND REFORM NOT BEEN ADOPTED IN INDIA AS IT WAS IN LATIN AMERICA?  WHAT COULD LAND REFORM DO FOR INDIAN FARMERS?

14. GREEN REVOLUTION  HIGHER-YIELDING CROPS HAVE IMPROVED CROP YIELDS  SOME PEASANT FARMERS DO NOT HAVE ENOUGH LAND OR MONEY TO BENEFIT FROM NEW CROPS.

15. Look at the map on page 569  What three cities are the centers of industrial activity? Kolkata KolkataChennaiMumbai  What non-agricultural products does India produce?  Bangalore is one of the leading high-tech cities in the world and home to computer software service centers

16. Modern Life  Marriage and family are at the center of Indian life. Marriages are often arranged by parents for their children, and divorce is rare. A bride adjusts Her jewelry on Her henna-tattooed Hands. The dye Will fade after a Few weeks.

17. Sports and Entertainment  Indians enjoy soccer, field hockey, cricket (learned from the British)  Indians also are avid movie fans.  More movies are produced in India than any other place, including Hollywood. Mumbai is nicknamed “Bollywood” because of its influence on the film industry.

18. Education  In spite of education advances from the 1950’s, literacy for girls is lower than that for boys.  Some girls still marry at age 16 or 17.  Education in poor areas of large cities is irregular and not required, since most children work to earn wages for the family.  The government has made education at priority for all children.

19. India is a multilingual country. The official language is Hindi, but English is widely spoken. The biggest difference in languages is between the north and south, because of the Aryan conquest Of India.