Books: The Durable Medium  © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter Outline  History  Industry  Controversies

 Early Forms  Earliest paper evolved around 3000 BC. ▪ Made from papyrus, from ancient Egypt alongside the Nile.  Papyrus to parchment, made from dried animal skins. ▪ Very durable, some ancient books survived to modern times.  Greeks & Asian cultures made books ▪ Chinese, Koreans, and Japanese, ▪ Printed on rice paper with carved, reusable wooden blocks.  © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

 The Printing Revolution  This Person came up with moveable metal type. ▪ A prototypes of mass production that sparked a revolution.  Printing changed the world ▪ From oral culture to literature culture. ▪ Led to ▪ Scientific advances, higher literacy, social reform, widespread knowledge  © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

 The Book In America  1530s - Spanish established the first press in Americas. ▪ Produced texts for teaching Spanish to Indians ▪ In Mexico City.  Early colonial publishers escaped repression in England, ▪ The king carefully controlled any type of publication.  Parchment gives way to paper ▪ Made from cotton and linen fibers.  © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

 Most colonial printers ran bookstores. ▪ Early example of vertical integration from Chapter One. ▪ What is vertical integration?  These combination printer’s shops and bookstores ▪ Became meeting places and educational centers.  The Library Company of Philadelphia ▪ Founded by Benjamin Franklin ▪ The first library open to the public.  © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

 Universal Education  Massachusetts - 1 st colony to pass law requiring every child be taught to read  Universal education ▪ Became law in the U.S. in 1820s.  McGuffey’s Readers, ▪ 1 st published in 1836, ▪ Used pictures to reinforce vocabulary. ▪ More than 120 million copies in print by late1800s.  © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

 The Industrial Revolution  Machine-made paper produced from cheap wood pulp instead of cotton and linen fiber.  In 1914 Congress established a special postal “book rate” ▪ Realized that the distribution of books was good for the country.  © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

 Books and Slavery  Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, ▪ 1845 autobiography, told the horrors of slavery.  Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, ▪ Published in 1851, was the 1 st national best seller.  The Book-of-the-Month Club was formed in 1926, ▪ Followed by the Literary Guild in 1927.

 Paperback Books  Early paperbacks include Dime and Pulp novels  Mass-market paperbacks introduced by Pocket Books in 1939  Male-oriented mysteries, Westerns, and thrillers ▪ Saw a boom in the 1950s  Harlequin, marketed romance novels grew in the 1960s,  the trade paperback with a heavier cover and better quality paper. ▪ Introduced In the 1970s by American publishers

 Study Items  Top Publishers of U.S. Books  Types of Books  Book industry workers  Types of book sellers  Most Frequently Banned Books  © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

 New Forms of the Book  Audiobooks – Started for people with vision problems, ▪ Have caught on with commuters, runners and others.  E-books – Digital files, usually downloaded from Internet. ▪ Read with e-book reading hardware.  E-books have the potential to change the medium. ▪ Hypertext fiction ▪ interactive, allows reader to change plot as the book is read. ▪ Anyone remember the type of books with this feature?

 Types of Books  Trade books – account for largest share of books sold. ▪ Fiction and nonfiction that are sold to the general public.  Educational books – textbooks for schools ▪ Elementary, secondary, college, and vocational.  © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

 Reference books – used to look up facts and information. ▪ Encyclopedias, dictionaries, atlases, or almanacs  Professional books information for specialized occupations ▪ Law, business, medicine, engineering, etc  The specialty classification ▪ Religious books, high school and college yearbooks, ▪ anthologies of cartoons and comics ▪ (although comic books are categorized as magazines).  © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

 A contract usually involves an advance against royalties. ▪ What is an advance?  Royalties – share of net amount the publisher receives.  Authors like Stephen King and J.K. Rowling ▪ Became celebrities because of their writing. ▪ What are some things they wrote?  Publishers often sign film, television, and sports celebrities to multimillion-dollar contracts ▪ Then hire ghostwriters or collaborators to actually write the book.  © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

 The Players  Less than 200 full-time professional authors of books. ▪ Most authors teach, work for newspapers or magazines, or are celebrities.  Authors write under contract or on spec; ▪ Means finishing a book without publisher’s commitment to publish it.  © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

 An acquisition editor ▪ Acquires books to be published.  A developmental editor ▪ Works with the author, going over each chapter to suggest changes, new directions, things to add, and things to cut.  Complete manuscript goes to the copy editor ▪ For last minute polishing.  © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

 Publishers usually specialize in book types they produce, ▪ Trade, educational, reference, professional or specialty publications.  Numerous small independent book companies ▪ Target particular niche audiences.  University presses ▪ Publish academic books, ▪ Especially original research by college professors.  Publishers promote books ▪ Advertising, jacket blurbs, magazine and newspaper reviews, book excerpts, and book tours.  © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

 The Bookseller  Barnes & Noble and Borders ▪ Account for more than 25 percent of book sales.  Megastores feature around 100,000 book titles, ▪ Live readings by authors, Activities for children, coffee bars ▪ Numerous racks of magazines and out-of-town newspapers.  Independent bookstores ▪ Not owned by a chain and are not part of a larger company. ▪ Indy Bookstore Indy Bookstore ▪ Any advantages to independent bookstores? What?  © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

 Amazon.com is the leading bookstore in cyberspace. ▪ Any Amazon shoppers in here? What have you bought?  Amazon developed “Bookmatcher” database program ▪ Recommends books based on customer’s other preferences.  Other online booksellers include Barnes & Noble, Alibris, and more than 250 independent and specialty sites. ▪ What other sites have you gone to for books?  Book Clubs ▪ What are some book clubs you are familiar with  © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

 The Reader – Determine what’s published.  Bibliophiles ▪ Consume 50 or more books a year.  Casual readers ▪ Enjoy reading, but only a few books a year.  Required readers ▪ Only read for work or studies.  Illiterates ▪ Never learned how to read.  Aliterates ▪ Those who can read but don’t.  © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

 Book Censorship – Banned Book link Banned Book link  The First Amendment ▪ Restricts government interference with free speech, ▪ Any act of government censorship tends to be a serious issue.  Censorship by public schools and libraries has been extremely controversial. ▪ Any books that were banned by your school? Why?  © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

 Challenging a book, provides publicity that stimulates sales. ▪ What books were publicized and sold well?  Book censorship around the world ▪ Usually far stricter than in the U.S.  Censorship can protect children from ▪ Pornography, obscenity, and writers who advocate violence. ▪ Do you agree with this? Why, Why Not  © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

 The Blockbuster Syndrome  Today’s obsession with publishing blockbusters ▪ Controls the economics of the industry. ▪ Why are blockbusters so important to publishers  Critics contend that huge advances for potential blockbusters ▪ Leave little money for more challenging or literary works.  Midlist authors ▪ Write books with literary merit but are not obvious blockbusters.  © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

 The Blockbuster Syndrome  The quest for blockbusters has led to “books by crooks.” ▪ Such as “A Millions Little Pieces”  Another problem of the phenomenon is ▪ Decline in quality, particularly in accuracy in works of nonfiction.  Also, a number of books turn out to be hoaxes or plagiarized works.

 Chap 1,3,4,5  Do the self quizzes  Look for test review at   © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved