 Personality – describes you as a person – how you are different from other people and what patterns of behavior are typical of you.  Traits – the terms we use to describe yourself and others.

Interaction of three factors Cognitive-personal factors  cognitive factors  Include our beliefs, expectations, values, intentions, and social roles  personal factors  include our emotional makeup an our biological and genetic influences Behaviors  include a variety of personal actions, such as the things we do and say Environmental factors  include our social, political, and cultural influences, as  well as our particular learning experiences

1. Language ability 2. Observational learning 3. Purposeful behavior 4. Self-analysis

 20.2 Trait and Learning theories on TV

 TV assignment – due Wed Typed 1 page What’s required  Self efficacy

 refers to our beliefs about how much control we have over situations or rewards Internal locus of control  believe that we have control over situations and rewards  Higher achievers, cope better with chronic illness, report less stress, and are less depressed External locus of control  believe that we do not have control over situations and  rewards and that events outside ourselves (fate) determine what happens

 refers to the confidence in your ability to organize and execute a given course of action to solve a problem or accomplish a task You judge your self-efficacy by combining 4 sources of info:  use previous experiences  compare  listen  use feedback Your motivation to do well in a tasks is largely influenced by how strongly you believe in your own capabilities. Some people have a strong sense of self-efficacy that applies to many situations (academics, sports and social interactions), while others have a strong sense that applies to only a few situations, while others have a weak sense of self-efficacy which predicts having less success in many of life’s tasks.

 Stopping smoking  Losing weight  Overcoming a phobia  Recovering from a heart attack  Performing well in school  Adjusting to new situations  Coping with job stress  Playing video games  Tolerating pain Having a high or low self-efficacy can increase or decrease your performance and success in a variety of tasks.

 Questions

 Describe a friend’s personality

 Policewomen have better interpersonal skills than men Definition  an approach for analyzing the structure of personality by measuring, identifying, and classifying similarities and differences in personality characteristics or traits.

 5-factor model Openness Conscientiousness Extroversion Agreeableness Neuroticism (emotional stability)  Good at explaining behaviors, not good at explaining why people develop these traits See pages 316 activity – you and your boyfriend/girlfriend

 traits are often poor predictors of behavior. While an individual may score high on assessments of a specific trait, he or she may not always behave that way in every situation.  Another problem is that trait theories do not address how or why individual differences in personality develop or emerge

1. TV assignment should be in the S drive

 Rush Limbaugh TV show (12/8/92) “When you strip it all away, Jerry Garcia destroyed his life on drugs. And yet he's being honored, like some godlike figure. Our priorities are out of whack, folks.”  What does this statement show you about his personality? What traits would you expect him to have? How would you expect him to behave towards drugs in his own life?

RUSH LIMBAUGH CAUGHT IN DRUG RING! (OCT 16, 2003) Top-rated radio host Rush Limbaugh has been secretly battling addiction to narcotics -- and he's embroiled in a high-priority drug-ring investigation, The ENQUIRER reveals in a blockbuster exclusive. His former housekeeper Wilma Cline has told prosecutors that she illegally supplied Rush with thousands of painkillers - including highly dangerous OxyContin -- over four years. The issue that goes on sale today features a world-exclusive interview with Wilma, shows s Rush sent her seeking more and more OxyContin, discloses that Rush has gone through drug detox twice... and much, much more.The ENQUIRER reveals in a blockbuster exclusive Person-situation interaction – students behave with consistency in the same situation, but behaved differently across different situations. A person ’ s behavior results from an interaction between his or her traits AND the effects of being in a situation. Extravert – you would behave differently at a wedding than at a funeral because each of these situations creates different cues to which you respond. THIS THEORY Describes how Rush L. could be righteous in criticizing Jerry Garcia ’ s drug use while being a drug addict himself. To understand a person ’ s behavior across situations, we must consider both the person ’ s traits and the powerful cues that come from being in each different situation. Traits may not predict behaviors across different situations.

Page 465  Age 3, reassessed at age 21 – traits were similar Development of more stable personality traits begins around age 3 However, during adolescence, individuals may become less responsible, less cautious, and more moody or impulsive.  Ages years old Ages – less emotional, less thrill seeking, more cooperative and self- disciplined = becoming more mature Most changes occur before 30 – adopt new values and attitudes or revise old ones. Few and small changes after 30 – grow in their ideas, beliefs and attitudes Personality is stable and somewhat predictable People say there are increases in their desirable changes, but objective tests show that traits had little to no change. These findings indicate that as people grow older they tend to report more socially desirable responses rather than what actually has occurred.

 40% genetic  27% nonshared environmental - how genetics interacts with environment  26% error - cannot be identified – errors in testing and measurement procedures  7% shared environmental - parental patterns and shared family experiences

 Person-situation interaction have as much influence on behavior as traits do  Traits could better predict behaviors if traits were measured under different conditions and situations.

1. Find a personal ad online – copy and paste it into Word. (/2 marks) 2. Match the person’s traits into OCEAN (/5 marks) 3. Predict how this person would behave on a first date. (/5 marks) 4. Then, take a different situation into account, and describe how this person would behave (be creative!) (/5 marks) 5. Create information that will also affect the person’s personality – genetic factors, nonshared environmental factors, shared factors (how would they be similar to their siblings). (/5 marks)