1. Personality

2. Set of traits, characteristics, and predispositions of a person Usually matures and stabilizes by about age 30 Affects how person adjusts to different environments

3. Personality Theories Cognitive theory: people develop their thinking patterns as their life unfolds Learning theories: behavior patterns develop from the social environment Biological theories: personality as genetically inherited

4. Personality Theories (Cont.) Cognitive theory: develop thinking patterns as life unfolds; affects how person interprets and internalizes life’s events Learning theories: learn behavior from social interaction with other people – Operant-learning theory: reinforcement of behavior – Cognitive social-learning theory: b ehavior learned by observation and imitation

5. Personality Theories (Cont.) Biological theories – Ethological theory Develop common characteristics as a result of evolution Behavioral characteristics that have helped survival over generations become inborn characteristics

6. Personality Theories (Cont.) Biological theories (cont.) – Behavior genetics Individual’s unique gene structure affects personality development Personality develops from interactions between a person’s genetic structure and social environment

7. Personality Emotions and Emotional Intelligence – Emotional intelligence Appraising and expressing emotions in self and others Managing emotion in self and others Adaptively using emotions to guide behavior and solve problems

8. Personality Emotions and Emotional Intelligence – Emotional intelligence : Dimensions Self-awareness: knowing one’s limits Self-management: controlling one’s emotions Social awareness: sensing and understanding other’s emotions Relationship management: building relationships, cooperating, and managing conflict

9. The Big-Five Personality Dimensions Extroversion: high: talkative, sociable; Low: reserved, introverted Emotional stability: high: calm, relaxed; Low: worried, depressed Agreeableness: high: cooperative, tolerant; Low: rude, cold Conscientiousness: high: dependable, thorough; low: sloppy, careless Openness to experience: high: curious, intelligent; low: simple, conventional

10. Personality Types Locus of control: people control the consequences of their actions or are controlled by external factors – External control: luck, fate, or powerful external forces control one’s destiny – Internal control: believe they control what happens to them

11. Personality Types Machiavellianism: holds cynical views of other people’s motives; approaches world with manipulative intent Type A personality: keen sense of time urgency, focuses excessively on achievement, aggressive Type B personality: strong self-esteem, even tempered, no sense of time urgency

12. Personality Types Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) – Popular personality assessment device – Four bi-polar dimensions Extroverted (E) – introverted (I) Sensing (S) – intuitive (I) Thinking (T) – feeling (F) Perceiving (P) – judging (J) – Assigns people to one of sixteen types based on these dimensions

13. Personality Types Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) – Extroverts look outward; introverts turn inward – Sensers use data; intuitives use hunches – Thinkers are objective; feelers are subjective – Perceivers are flexible; judgers want closure – ESTJ type: extroverted, sensing, thinking, and judging