Under British Rule Pages

(Do not write this) Countries Colonized by Britain  North America Canada, the U.S  The Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & the Grenadines, Trinidad & Tobago  Sub-Saharan Africa Botswana, The Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe  SW Asia and N. Africa Bahrain, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, Sudan, UAE, Yemen  South Asia Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Pakistan, Sri Lanka  SE Asia Brunei, Burma, Malaysia, Singapore  Australia and Oceania Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Tuva

Europeans in India  Many European countries saw great riches in India(1600s)  England set up the East India Company & forced Indian rulers to grant the British power  British outlawed many Hindu practices and raised taxes

Sepoy Rebellion  Sepoys- Indian troops who served in the British army  New law made Indians use British weapons and fight over seas for England  Sepoys upset- rumored that cartridges of rifles made grease w/ beef or pork fat **British put down uprising

India Becomes British Colony  Queen Victoria becomes empress  Direct rule through British officials  New laws  Controlled courts

Effects  Improved travel travel communication communication health care health care sanitation sanitation

BUT  India’s industry was practically destroyed due to British imports  Farmers grew less food to grow cash crops WHY? To pay for British imports Result= famine

Solution?  Mohandas Gandhi leads country to gain home rule

Freedom and Partition Pages 201 to 204

Partition (division)  Hindus and Muslins intensely fought over ideology, rights, and rule  Britain partitioned India as Hindu nation and Pakistan as Muslim nation  15 million fled the 2 countries to get to their perspective nations

Turning Point in Struggle for Freedom  Amritsar (uhm-rit-ser) Massacre- 10,000 Indians gathered to protest harshness of British  British troops opened fire killing 379 and wounding 1,100  Goal- Complete separation from British

Gandhi  Inspired common people to work towards change  Developed satyagraha- “truth force”- nonviolent resistance  Used Hindu beliefs and Christian traditions  Followed civil disobedience- refusal to obey unjust laws

Gandhi continued  Wanted the the world to realize that the British were wrong by taking punishment and not fighting back  Reached out to untouchables and Muslims  Encouraged boycott of British goods

Salt March (1930)  British forbade Indians to make salt  British HEAVILY taxed their salt  MG led followers on 200 mile march- broke law by making salt from sea water  British arrested Gandhi and 50,000 Indians

Independence (1947)  Gained independence from British because 1.Refused to help British in WWII 2.Popular opinion opposed the British having overseas colonies

The Death of Gandhi  Assassinated in 1948 by a fellow Hindu.  Gandhi’s assassinator felt that he betrayed the Hindu religion by embracing Muslims.