Assistance

Identify the Part of Speech of each word in this week’s sentence. Noun: Person, place, or thing Pronoun: Replaces a noun (he, she, we, etc.) Verb: Action or state of being or links the subject to a word Adjective: Describes a noun or pronoun. Tells Which one? How many? What kind? Adverb: Modifies a verb, adverb, or adjective. Tells How? When? Where? To what extent? Conjunction: Connects words with and, or, etc. Preposition: Shows relationship between noun and other parts of the sentence. Interjection: Expresses strong emotion PART I

Complete Subject The part of the sentence about which something is being said Complete Predicate The part of the sentence that says something about the subject. Contains the verb PART II COMPLETE SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES

The simple subject is the main word or essential NOUN/pronoun in the complete subject. The simple predicate is the essential VERB or the main word /group of words in the predicate. Simple Subject Simple predicate PART II SIMPLE SUBJECT AND PREDICATE

Receives the action expressed by the verb or names the result of the action. Answers the questions whom? or what ? after the verb Mom bought new curtains for my bedroom. More than one noun, pronoun, or group of words acting as a noun that receives the action of the same transitive verb We painted the walls and woodwork. The direct object Compound direct objects PART II COMPLEMENTS

Before the direct object and tells to whom/what or for whom/what the action of the verb is done. Never follows the word to or for 1.Find verb 2.Ask “To whom/what?” or “For whom/what?” S V IO DO The clerk sold me the wrong size. (Sold to whom? To me) S V IO DO I gave the car a coat of wax. (Gave to what? To the car) INDIRECT OBJECTS NOTE: You do not need to rephrase questions into statements.

Noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and renames, identifies, or explains the subject of a sentence. S V PN Jackson became a superstar. (Superstar renames Jackson.) PN V S The better player is Tim. (Tim identifies player.) Adjective that follows a linking verb and describes the subject of the sentence. S V PN The pizza smelled delicious. (Delicious describes pizza.) S V PN Harry is always late. (Late describes Harry.) Predicate nominatives Predicate adjectives SUBJECT COMPLEMENTS

Preposition (examples): across, after, against, around, at, before, below, between, by, during, except, for, from, in, of, off, on, over, since, through, to, under, until, with, according to, because of, Instead of, etc. Gerund: Verb acting like a noun; ends in –ing Reading is fun. I enjoy shopping. Participle: Verb acting like an adjective; ends in –ing or –ed I have running shoes. I was frightened. Infinitive: to + verb; can act like a noun I like to eat. I need a pen to write. PHRASES DEFINITIONS

1)Appositive: noun or pronoun that follows and renames another noun or pronoun My son, Matt, likes trains. 2) Prepositional: group of words beginning with a preposition and ending with a noun or pronoun adjective: I want a room with a view. or adverb: His house is on the lake. 3) Gerund: Gerund plus its modifiers and objects Writing long essays can be fun. 4) Participle: Participle plus its modifiers and objects Running down the hall, he bumped into the principal. 5) Infinitive: Infinitive plus its modifiers and objects He likes to eat pepperoni pizza. PART II PHRASES

NOTE Gerunds and Participles will ALWAYS end in –ing Participles will DESCRIBE something (act as an adjective) Gerunds will act as a noun

Gerunds Gerunds may serve multiple purposes in a sentence. Singing is very enjoyable. SUBJECT Susan enjoys singing. DIRECT OBJECT Susan gave singing her full attention. INDIRECT OBJECT Her favorite activity is singing. PREDICATE NOUN Susan enjoys an afternoon of singing. OBJECT OF A PREPOSTION Susan’s favorite hobby, singing, brought her joy. APPOSITIVE

Every sentence will ALWAYS have an independent clause. An independent clause can stand alone. A dependent clause can NEVER stand alone. A dependent clause must have a subject and a verb. Independent ClausesDependent Clauses PART III CLAUSES

Simple: One independent clause Compound: Two or more independent clauses Complex: One independent clause and one or more dependent clauses Compound-Complex: Two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses PART III SENTENCE TYPES

A clause is a sentence that contains a subject and a verb. If a sentence contains only one subject and only one verb (verb phrase), it is an independent clause. A sentence can only be compound- complex if it has more than one subject and more than one verb. CLAUSES

1.A declarative sentence makes a statement and ends in a period. 2.An interrogative sentence asks a question and ends in a question mark. 3.An imperative sentence gives a command. 4.An exclamatory sentence expresses strong feelings and ends in an exclamation point. PART III SENTENCE PURPOSE