GCSE PE The Skeletal System

TASK (5 mins) What are the functions of the skeleton? Which do you think is the most important function & why? What is a joint? What are the different types of movement that can occur at a joint? Name & define

Exercise & the skeletal system Read & make notes on page 157

Signs & Symptoms Signs What you can see What you can feel What you may hear or smell Symptoms What the player feels and conveys to you

Types of injury Fractures Joint Injuries Muscle/Soft tissue injuries Skin damage

Fractures A fracture is a broken or cracked bone. Fractures can occur from a blow, or often by severe twisting or wrenching of a joint. Sign The noise as it breaks Swelling and bruising Deformity at the point of the break Symptoms pain at the site of injury Inability to move limb

Fractures Main types of fracture: Open Closed Compound When the broken bone protrudes through the skin & bleeding may also be present. Closed When the skin over the break is not broken Compound When the fractured bone has also caused other injuries.

Joint injuries Twisted ankle joint Dislocation Torn Cartilage Tennis & Golf elbow

Twisted ankle joint One of the most common injuries in sport. Occurs when the fibres of the ligaments and/or tendons are torn loose from their attachment. The joint is forced beyond its normal range of movement. If in doubt treat the injury as a fracture. Signs Swelling and bruising Symptoms Pain the player may feel at site of injury

Dislocations Can occur from a blow – that is a collision with an opponent or from a fall that causes one of the bones to come out of the joint. Signs Deformity at the joint, with the joint locked in position Likely to be swelling Symptoms Severe pain at or near the joint There may also be a fracture of one of the bones & if there is any doubt the injury should be treated as a fracture.

Torn Cartilage Can occur when the femur changes direction quickly and traps cartilage that can be torn under the pressure e.g. when pivoting on one foot. Signs Player cannot straighten the joint Player falls to the ground and suffer pain on the inside of the knee Symptoms The severe pain felt by the casualty

Tennis & Golf Elbow Both are tendon injuries caused by overuse Tennis elbow Pain on the outside Golf elbow Pain on the inside

Treatment for joint injuries & muscle/soft tissue injuries RICE Rest: stop playing or training Ice: apply ice or cold pack Will cause blood vessels and surrounding tissues to contract. This will reduce blood flow to the area. Remove ice pack after 10/12 mins & repeat every 3 hours if necessary. Compression: using pressure to hold ice pack on the injury Elevation: raise the injury & keep it that way for 24 hours. The force of gravity will help to drain excess fluid from the damaged area.