New England and the Middle Colonies

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Presentation transcript:

New England and the Middle Colonies Main Idea – A diverse economy in New England & Middle Colonies drives the development of cities.

The Middle Colonies

Economy of the Middle Colonies Cash Crop = Wheat Wheat Boom Climate in Europe early 1700’s Population increases in Europe More people come to America Wheat farmers get wealthier Leads to rise of Entrepreneurs & Capitalists Major cities develop where the rivers empty into the ocean – WHY?

Landless Tenant Farmers Middle Colony Social Structure Wealthy Wheat Farmers Subsistence (+) Farmers Landless Tenant Farmers

Who is Who? Wealthy Wheat Farmers – Subsistence (+) Farmers – Wheat Boom leads to entrepreneurs and capitalists Subsistence (+) Farmers – Grew a bit more than they needed Tenant Farmers – Work someone else’s land

New England Colonies

A Diverse Economy No one major cash crop Lumber Whaling Fishing Fur Ships & Furniture Whaling Perfume Lamp Oil Fishing Fur Rum

New England Society Small town vs Plantation Town Meetings Birthplace of the idea of Representative Government in New World

Slaves – relatively few Urban Social Structure Merchants Artisans Unskilled Laborers Indentured Servant - Not many Slaves – relatively few

Triangular Trade

The Imperial System Main Idea – England adopts policies to make trade with the American colonies more profitable

Mercantilism Mercantilism = Economic system where the mother country establishes colonies where there are raw materials. They take raw materials from colonies, manufacture products, then sell them to the colonies

The Navigation Acts Navigation Act 1660 Staple Act 1663 All goods imported / exported must go on English ships Certain raw materials can only be sold to England (tobacco, lumber, indigo, others) Staple Act 1663 All imports to colonies must pass through England The purpose of the Acts was to control trade in the colonies and increase profits for England

Colonial Response Massachusetts ignores Acts Smuggling Colonies don’t need to obey laws not in their best interests King James II revokes colonial charters Appoints Royal Governor Dominion of New England Land Titles worthless Only Anglican marriages recognized Churches/Meetinghouses used for Anglicans

English Bill of Rights No absolute power Parliament must approve taxes and use of army Freedom of speech in Parliament Impartial Jury

John Locke English philosopher Ruler’s power comes from the people All people have natural rights Life Liberty Property If a government violates a people’s rights, they can over throw the government

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