1 ST AND 2 ND P ERSON P RONOUNS Chapter 12. U SE OF P RONOUNS Pronouns are used in both Latin and English to replace nouns: The man watches the television.

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1 ST AND 2 ND P ERSON P RONOUNS Chapter 12

U SE OF P RONOUNS Pronouns are used in both Latin and English to replace nouns: The man watches the television show. = He watches it. Will plays Mario Brothers. = He plays it. Grandma and Grandpa watched Anna’s recital. They watched her recital. = They watched her recital.

P RONOUNS IN L ATIN The case of a pronoun is determined by its use in the sentence. A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in gender and number. The antecedent is the word that the pronoun replaces. Example: The boy rides his bike to school. He rides his bike to school. Boy is the antecedent of “He.”

P RONOUN C HARTS In Latin, there are different charts for each type of pronoun. Take the time to memorize these charts. You will be glad you did. They are very difficult to look up.

I ST P ERSON P RONOUNS Study the following chart: CaseSingularPlural Nom.ego-Inos-us Gen.mei- of menostri-of us Dat.mihi- to/for menobis- to/for us Acc.me-menos-us Abl.me- (with, etc.) menobis (with, by us)

2 ND P ERSON P RONOUNS Study the following chart: CaseSingularPlural Nom.tu-youvos-you Gen.tui-of youvestri-of you Dat.tibi- to/for youvobis-to/for you Acc.te- youvos-you Abl.te (with, by) youvobis-(with, by) you

U SE OF 1 ST & 2 ND P ERSON P RONOUNS Notice that the translations of the cases are very familiar: Nominative case is still used as subject. The use of the pronoun emphasizes the subject, although you could tell the subject by looking at the ending of the verb. Genitive case still uses “of” (possession). Dative case still uses “to” or “for” (indirect object), Accusative is still used for direct objects. Ablative case is still used with prepositions.

E XAMPLES You all eat with me. Vos mecum cenatis. Vos is nominative, plural---subject. Although you can tell the subject by looking at the ending of the verb, the vos adds emphasis. Mecum is cum + abl. Notice that when cum is used with prepositions, the cum is tacked onto the end of the preposition. I gave the book to you. Ego librum tibi donavit. Ego is nominative, singular---subject. Tibi is dative, singiular---indirect object.