Introduction to Government Mullin

What is Government? Government – the ruling authority of a society or community Government is an institution that possesses power, structure, organization, values, legitimacy, processes and provide functions to its citizens According to Enlightenment philosopher, Thomas Hobbes, “life without government would be solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.” – WHY?

Functions of Government Keep Order  Pass and enforce laws, establish courts Provide Services  Schools, libraries, fire and police, unemployment insurance Provide Security  Prevent crime, protect citizens from foreign attack Guide the Community  Manage the economy, foreign relations, instill values

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Now…. Summarize in one paragraph what the purpose of government is and then define the following words: Civics Citizens Citizenship Nation State

What is Civics? Civics – the study of rights, duties and responsibilities of citizens of a nation Citizen – a member of a state or nation who believes in the legitimacy of the state, is entitled to rights granted by the state and owes allegiance to the state by birth, naturalization or socialization. Nation or State – a group of people who share commonalities that organize power under a government

Citizenship Citizens of a state must perform duties, should perform responsibilities, and should be granted rights  Duty – an action required by law from a citizen; Ex. Jury duty, obeying the law, paying taxes, selective service duty, compulsory schooling  Responsibility – an action that a citizen should take; Ex. Volunteering, voting, staying informed, service in the military  Right – a “freedom” granted by the government that should not be limited by the government but should be protected by the government and not infringed on by others

How become a Citizen? 1. Birth a. By Blood – parents are citizens b. By Soil – born on the recognized territory of the nation-state 2. Naturalization a. Sign a declaration of intention with Citizenship and Immigration Services (CIS) b. File an application c. Interview d. Pass Citizenship Test e. Pledges an oath of allegiance 3. Socialization a. Taught belief system and culture

“E Pluribus Unum” Out of many, One We are a nation state A nation of Citizens, Immigrants, Aliens and Illegal immigrants  Immigrant – people legally admitted as permanent residents  Alien – a foreigner non-citizen who has permission (VISA) to be in the nation  Illegal immigrant – residing in a nation without permission from the government

A Melting Pot or A Tossed Salad? Melting pot – a metaphor used to describe a culture in which diverse groups of people have lost their specific original cultures or identities to a new dominate culture; assimilated into a new culture Tossed Salad – a metaphor used to describe a culture within a culture where groups of people maintain their unique identities with the larger groups identities

Think-Pair-Share Turn to your partner and discuss what you think the United States is…is it a melting pot? Or is it a tossed salad? Write down your answers. Prepare to share with the rest of the class.

Read and Write Read about John Locke and Thomas Hobbes Answer the corresponding questions. – Due EOC.

Warm Up What would society be like without government? – HECTIC, BRUTISH, VIOLENT. What is the State of Nature? – MORAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY ABOUT HOW SOCIETY SHOULD OPERATE.

Example of State of Nature

Types of Government Mullin

Video npOc npOc While viewing the clip think about who gets to govern and to what end.

Forms of Government Autocracy - Rule by one Oligarchy - Rule by few Theocracy – Rule by religion Direct Democracy- Rule by all Republic – Rule by representative Dictatorship - Rule by one

Autocracy Monarchy - Rule by King or Queen Absolute Monarchy - when king/queen has total power over government example: Louis XIV of France during the 1700's Constitutional Monarchy - king/queen is limited by law and shares power with elected officials example: present day England

Oligarchy A family or small group of people control all of governments power example: Saudi Arabia's royal family

Theocracy Religious institutions and/or their leaders control government example: Vatican and Iran

Direct Democracy Where every citizen directly participates in the actions of the government. Not practical in today’s larger society.

Republic The US Constitution makes no mention of the word democracy. Instead the term republic is used. Representative Democracy - the people elect others to represent them in the legislation and law making process

Republic in the US System of rule by the people Individual worth is stressed, individual rights protected Consensus of citizens rules while considering minority view Free & open elections All people equal under the law

Dictatorship Government is controlled by one person who creates and enforces government law through extreme measures example: Cuba's Fidel Castro and Nazi Germany's Adolf Hitler Extremely nationalistic gov’t where people are subordinate to the state militaristic & imperialistic goals

Activity Analyze select segments of the Declaration of Independence and write those segments in your own words. Due EOC.

Warm Up What is a social contract? Does the US participate in a social contract?

Graphic Organizer Complete the graphic organizer Time: 20 minutes Due EOC

What is the Constitution It’s a living document that states the specific roles of government, how government ought to function, and what are every citizen’s rights.

Preamble Short, noteworthy introduction to the Constitution States the purpose of the Constitution

Constitutionalism The concept of limited government. Government must obey the law – conduct the business of governing in accordance with constitutional principles.

Rule of Law Holds that government and its officers are always subject to -- never above – the law.

Separation of Powers In a presidential system, basic governmental powers are distributed or separated among three distinct and independent branches of the government. (Articles I, II, and III)

Checks and Balances The national government is organized around three separate branches: Legislative, executive, and judicial. Each branch is subject to a number of restraints by the other branches. Each branch has certain powers that check the operations of the other two.

Exit Slip Reflection What came before the Constitution and why did it fail? 1 paragraph. Who are the people called that CREATED the constitution? 1 sentence. Who are the people that WANTED the constitution? 1 sentence. Due EOC.