NATIONAL ISSUES REPORT NAMIBIAN ENERGY SECTOR - FOCUS ON MITIGATION NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE AWARENESS-RAISING WORKSHOP Safari Hotel, Windhoek, Namibia.

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NATIONAL ISSUES REPORT NAMIBIAN ENERGY SECTOR - FOCUS ON MITIGATION NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE AWARENESS-RAISING WORKSHOP Safari Hotel, Windhoek, Namibia September 2008 Detlof von Oertzen Desert Research Foundation of Namibia

Why energy is a key sector for Namibia Mobility & leisure Consumer choices Habitat & lifestyle Liquid & gaseous fuels Mining, agriculture, industry & manufacturing Power generation Electricity Final Energy Forms Liquid Fuels Biomass LP GasCoal Renewables Primary Energy Carriers Hydro Nuclear Accessible & reliable energy is the key to economic growth.

Energy Sources & Uses

Energy sector potentials for mitigation Transport sector enhancing the fuel efficiency of the national fleet incentivising fuel switching to LPG/CNG & biofuels increasing the application of energy efficiency measures Electricity sector Energy efficiency and demand management Baynes hydro-electric generation scheme Lower Orange / Divundu Popa - small hydro schemes Renewables: biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, wave Natural gas “Clean” coal? Nuclear?

Key issues: investment & financial flows Vision 2030 & White Paper on Energy strategic direction of energy sector structural aspects: responsibilities & support mechanisms incentives for energy sector developments –taxes, tariffs and targets currency export caps experience re clean-carbon projects productive use of energy

Recommendations & Conclusions Energy needs to be treated as a cross- cutting economy-wide theme Strategic direction & targets –Energy Act & Energy sector regulator Tariffs, taxes & investment incentives Sector diversification Accessibility, reliability & affordability