What is an IDEOLOGY? Describes a condition of life, problems, demands and offers solutions. Strongly believed and carries air of ultimate truth. Way of interpreting the past, explaining the present, and the creation of a future Ties to politics, society, education, and economy

Contestant #1 I am a womanizer, have self-interested policies and unfortunately suffer from ailing health. Contestant #2 I have a drinking habit and a defiant tongue or attitude Contestant #3 I am a decorated war hero, do not drink and want to create a stable economy

Contestant #3 Contestant #2 Contestant #1

Treaty of Versailles Black Thursday stock market crashes Great Depression during 1930s Increasing influence of new political parties that emphasize state control - For example: Communism, Nazism, Fascism Total Control of State by a Dictator

Democracy Demos= People, Kratien= to rule 5 th century Athens Government “of the people, by the people, for the people” Stresses: individual worth, consensus, protection of the minority, civil liberties (speech, assembly, press), and equality Direct and Republican

What is it? What is it? Describe its characteristics… Describe its characteristics…

Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state (political, military, economy, social, cultural) Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state (political, military, economy, social, cultural) Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms) Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms) Strict controls and laws Strict controls and laws Military state (secret police, army, military) Military state (secret police, army, military) Censorship (opposing literature and ideas) Censorship (opposing literature and ideas) Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters) Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters) One leader (dictator); charismatic One leader (dictator); charismatic Total conformity of people to ideas and leader Total conformity of people to ideas and leader Terror and Fear Terror and Fear

Socialism System of bettering the condition of people by having the state own and control major industries State determines the needs of the people and then provides them. Mixed economies between capitalism and socialism exist and thrive excesses of private profit are redistributed to help the majority

Capitalism Gaining and promoting wealth through private ownership and operation of businesses Supply and demand and competition control prices. Purpose is to produce profit which can be reinvested to produce more profit.

Nazism FascismCommunism *These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism, are completely different theories that are bitterly opposed; however they exhibit the same behaviour Totalitarianism

I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from What is Communism? LEFT WING based on theory by Karl Marx revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that creates a “classless society” state ownership and control of the means of production (no private ownership) Soviet Communism or “Stalinism”, was more of a totalitarian and military state combined with elements of communism

I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to What is Fascism? RIGHT WING intense nationalism and elitism totalitarian control interests of the state more important than individual rights maintain class system and private ownership Interesting Fact: Fascism name was derived from the fasces, an ancient Roman symbol of authority consisting of a bundle of rods and an ax

I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to What is Nazism? extremely fascist, nationalistic and totalitarian based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the “master race” belief that all Germans should have “lebensraum” or living space in Europe Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germany’s problems on them

GESTAPO: the Secret State Police GESTAPO: the Secret State Police SS (Schutzstaffel): Defense Corps “black shirts”, an elite guard unit formed out of the SA SA (Sturmabteilung): Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that protected leaders and opposed rival political parties SA (Sturmabteilung): Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that protected leaders and opposed rival political parties Lebensraum (living space): concept that emphasized need for territorial expansion of Germany into east Lebensraum (living space): concept that emphasized need for territorial expansion of Germany into east Wehrmacht : German army Wehrmacht : German army HJ (Hitler Jugend): Hitler Youth HJ (Hitler Jugend): Hitler Youth Einstazgruppen : Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing units Einstazgruppen : Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing units Volk: all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, implying the superiority of German culture and race; led to policy of Volksgemeinschaft (idea of a harmonized racial Nazi community in government policies and programs) Volk: all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, implying the superiority of German culture and race; led to policy of Volksgemeinschaft (idea of a harmonized racial Nazi community in government policies and programs)

This Nazi propaganda poster reads, ‘Behind the enemy powers: the Jew. “The Eternal Jew” Depiction of a Jew holding gold coins in one hand and a whip in the other. Under his arm is a map of the world, with the imprint of the hammer and sickle. Posters like this promoted a sharp rise in anti-Semitic feelings, and in some cases violence against the Jewish community.

Policy of Appeasement Appeasement willingness to surrender to an aggressors’ demands to avoid war willingness to surrender to an aggressors’ demands to avoid war reduction of international tensions through removal of causes of friction; concessions to disgruntled nations to lessen their tendency to take aggressive actions reduction of international tensions through removal of causes of friction; concessions to disgruntled nations to lessen their tendency to take aggressive actions How was it used prior to World War II? Acceptance that Hitler could not be stopped and needed to be negotiated with (even at the expense of the smaller independent countries) Acceptance that Hitler could not be stopped and needed to be negotiated with (even at the expense of the smaller independent countries) Accepted because of sympathy and guilt felt by Britain and USA of unjust Treaty of Versailles Accepted because of sympathy and guilt felt by Britain and USA of unjust Treaty of VersaillesReality Blindness to true nature of Hitler’s agenda program for Eastern Europe Blindness to true nature of Hitler’s agenda program for Eastern Europe Positive and Negatives Reasons for appeasement? Positive and Negatives Reasons for appeasement? From W. Robson, “Twentieth-Century History”, There had been nothing weak or foolish about the attitude of the Western leaders. They tried to settle differences by discussion and conciliation, methods that had been highly successful in the 1920s. Their failure was due to the fact that Hitler took consolation for weakness and found that he could get his own way. He could have been stopped earlier but only at the risk of war. Discussion was the method of gentlemen, which explains why Chamberlain and the Western leaders favoured it and Hitler did not

Steps to War Was the Treaty of Versailles truly the cause of World War II? Was the Treaty of Versailles truly the cause of World War II? How did appeasement contribute to World War II? How did appeasement contribute to World War II? Why did the League of Nations fail? Why did the League of Nations fail? What role did “isolationism” play? What role did “isolationism” play? Could Hitler have been ‘contained’ at any time prior to 1939? Could Hitler have been ‘contained’ at any time prior to 1939? How did World War II begin? What were the steps to war? How did World War II begin? What were the steps to war?