3. Democracy Rule by the people Rule by the people Civil Rights Civil Rights Representative democracy Representative democracy Capitalism – private business, no government ownership, free market Capitalism – private business, no government ownership, free market Rule of Law Rule of Law

4. Canada and USA, 1930s Mired in a Depression Mired in a Depression High Unemployment High Unemployment Poverty Poverty Hunger Hunger Was capitalism failing?! Was democracy in Danger?!

5. No! Democracy was kept safe here... in other parts of the world… But

6. Contestant #1 I am a womanizer, have self-interested policies and unfortunately suffer from ailing health. Contestant #2 I have a drinking habit and a defiant tongue or attitude Contestant #3 I am a decorated war hero, do not drink and want to create a stable economy

7. Contestant #3 Contestant #2 Contestant #1

8. Treaty of Versailles Black Tuesday 1929 - stock market crashes Great Depression during 1930s Increasing influence of new political parties that emphasize state control - For example: Communism, Nazism, Fascism Total Control of State by a Dictator

9. What is it? What is it? Describe its characteristics… Describe its characteristics…

10. Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state (political, military, economy, social, cultural) Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state (political, military, economy, social, cultural) Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms) Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms) Strict controls and laws Strict controls and laws Military state (secret police, army, military) Military state (secret police, army, military) Censorship (opposing literature and ideas) Censorship (opposing literature and ideas) Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters) Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters) One leader (dictator); charismatic One leader (dictator); charismatic Total conformity of people to ideas and leader Total conformity of people to ideas and leader Terror and Fear Terror and Fear

11. Nazism FascismCommunism *These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism, are completely different theories that are bitterly opposed; however they exhibit the same behaviour Totalitarianism

13. I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953. What is Communism? LEFT WING based on theory by Karl Marx revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that creates a “classless society” state ownership and control of the means of production (no private ownership) Soviet Communism or “Stalinism”, was more of a totalitarian and military state combined with elements of communism

14. I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to 1943. What is Fascism? RIGHT WING intense nationalism and elitism totalitarian control interests of the state more important than individual rights maintain class system and private ownership Interesting Fact: Fascism name was derived from the fasces, an ancient Roman symbol of authority consisting of a bundle of rods and an ax

15. I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945. What is Nazism? extremely fascist, nationalistic and totalitarian based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the “master race” belief that all Germans should have “lebensraum” or living space in Europe Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germany’s problems on them

16. Japan Militarism Militarism War is main policy of government War is main policy of government Use of force to reach goals Use of force to reach goals Strong Army Strong Army Emperor Hirohito Rising Sun Japanese Imperial Flag

17. Hideki Tojo Preached virtues of territorial expansion Preached virtues of territorial expansion Needed to conquer – gain more land Needed to conquer – gain more land Japan poor in natural resources Japan poor in natural resources Claimed Japan’s destiny was to drive out the western colonial powers and rule all of Asia Claimed Japan’s destiny was to drive out the western colonial powers and rule all of Asia Censored media and demanded total obedience Censored media and demanded total obedience

18. Spain Spanish Civil War, 1936 Spanish Civil War, 1936 Francisco Franco vs. Republic Government Francisco Franco vs. Republic Government Spain the place to stop the rise of Fascism? Spain the place to stop the rise of Fascism? Democracies looked the other way, remained neutral (U.S., Britain, France) Democracies looked the other way, remained neutral (U.S., Britain, France) Hitler aided Franco, tested out strategies/weapons for future conflicts in his quest to enlarge Germany Hitler aided Franco, tested out strategies/weapons for future conflicts in his quest to enlarge Germany Francisco Franco Falange

20. GESTAPO: the Secret State Police GESTAPO: the Secret State Police SS (Schutzstaffel): Defense Corps “black shirts”, an elite guard unit formed out of the SA SA (Sturmabteilung): Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that protected leaders and opposed rival political parties SA (Sturmabteilung): Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that protected leaders and opposed rival political parties Lebensraum (living space): concept that emphasized need for territorial expansion of Germany into east Lebensraum (living space): concept that emphasized need for territorial expansion of Germany into east Wehrmacht : German army Wehrmacht : German army HJ (Hitler Jugend): Hitler Youth HJ (Hitler Jugend): Hitler Youth Einstazgruppen : Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing units Einstazgruppen : Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing units Volk: all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, implying the superiority of German culture and race; led to policy of Volksgemeinschaft (idea of a harmonized racial Nazi community in government policies and programs) Volk: all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, implying the superiority of German culture and race; led to policy of Volksgemeinschaft (idea of a harmonized racial Nazi community in government policies and programs)

22. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkSFIw6vePM&feature=related

25. This Nazi propaganda poster reads, ‘Behind the enemy powers: the Jew. “The Eternal Jew” Depiction of a Jew holding gold coins in one hand and a whip in the other. Under his arm is a map of the world, with the imprint of the hammer and sickle. Posters like this promoted a sharp rise in anti-Semitic feelings, and in some cases violence against the Jewish community.

27. Policy of Appeasement Appeasement willingness to surrender to an aggressors’ demands to avoid war willingness to surrender to an aggressors’ demands to avoid war How was it used prior to World War II? Acceptance that Hitler could not be stopped and needed to be negotiated with (even at the expense of the smaller independent countries) Acceptance that Hitler could not be stopped and needed to be negotiated with (even at the expense of the smaller independent countries) Accepted because of sympathy and guilt felt by Britain and USA of unjust Treaty of Versailles Accepted because of sympathy and guilt felt by Britain and USA of unjust Treaty of VersaillesReality Blindness to true nature of Hitler’s agenda program for Eastern Europe Blindness to true nature of Hitler’s agenda program for Eastern Europe Irony= policy used to avoid war but empowered Hitler to continue his aggressive campaign. The only way to stop Hitler was to declare war. Irony= policy used to avoid war but empowered Hitler to continue his aggressive campaign. The only way to stop Hitler was to declare war.

28. How did World War II begin? How did appeasement contribute to World War II? http://www.markville.ss. yrdsb.edu.on.ca/history/ history/quotes.pdf http://www.markville.ss. yrdsb.edu.on.ca/history/ history/quotes.pdf STEPS TO WAR

30. Reflect Was the Treaty of Versailles truly the cause of World War II? Or appeasement? Was the Treaty of Versailles truly the cause of World War II? Or appeasement? What do we have to remember about hindsight when examining history? What do we have to remember about hindsight when examining history? Could Hitler have been ‘stopped’ at any time prior to 1939? Could Hitler have been ‘stopped’ at any time prior to 1939? What was Canada’s view of appeasement and another potential war? What was “isolationism” ? What was Canada’s view of appeasement and another potential war? What was “isolationism” ?