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and Ideas in Europe during the 1930s

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1 and Ideas in Europe during the 1930s
Rise of New Leaders and Ideas in Europe during the 1930s

2 Who Would You Vote For? Contestant #1 I am a womanizer,
associated with crooks, chain smoke, drink 8 martinis a day Contestant #2 I have a heavy drinking habit , been kicked out of office twice, use opium, and sleeps until noon Contestant #3 I am a decorated war hero, do not drink or smoke, am a vegetarian and want to create a stable economy

3 Who Did You Vote For? Contestant #3 Contestant #2 Contestant #1

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5 Totalitarianism What is it? When would it be useful?

6 Totalitarianism Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state (political, military, economy, social, cultural) Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms) Strict controls and laws Military state (secret police, army, military) Censorship (opposing literature and ideas) Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters) One leader (dictator); charismatic Total conformity of people to ideas and leader Terror and Fear

7 Great Depression during 1930s Total Control of State by a Dictator
Black Tuesday stock market crashes Treaty of Versailles Great Depression during 1930s Totalitarianism Increasing influence of new political parties that emphasize state control -For example: Communism, Nazism, Fascism Total Control of State by a Dictator

8 Nazism Fascism Communism
Totalitarianism *These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism, are completely different theories that are bitterly opposed; however they exhibit the same behaviour

9 Communism I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from What is Communism? LEFT WING based on theory by Karl Marx revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that creates a “classless society” state ownership and control of the means of production (no private ownership) Soviet Communism or “Stalinism”, was more of a totalitarian and military state combined with elements of communism

10 Fascism I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to 1943. What is Fascism? RIGHT WING intense nationalism and elitism totalitarian control interests of the state more important than individual rights maintain class system and private ownership Interesting Fact: Fascism name was derived from the fasces, an ancient Roman symbol of authority consisting of a bundle of rods and an ax

11 Nazism I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945. What is Nazism? extremely fascist , nationalistic and totalitarian based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the “master race” belief that all Germans should have “lebensraum” or living space in Europe Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germany’s problems on them

12 Nazi Controls

13 Nazi Military State GESTAPO: the Secret State Police
SS (Schutzstaffel): Defense Corps “black shirts”, an elite guard unit formed out of the SA SA (Sturmabteilung): Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that protected leaders and opposed rival political parties Lebensraum (living space): concept that emphasized need for territorial expansion of Germany into east Wehrmacht: German army HJ (Hitler Jugend): Hitler Youth Einstazgruppen: Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing units Volk: all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, implying the superiority of German culture and race; led to policy of Volksgemeinschaft (idea of a harmonized racial Nazi community in government policies and programs)

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18 “The Eternal Jew” Depiction of a Jew holding gold coins in one hand and a whip in the other. Under his arm is a map of the world, with the imprint of the hammer and sickle. Posters like this promoted a sharp rise in anti-Semitic feelings, and in some cases violence against the Jewish community. This Nazi propaganda poster reads, ‘Behind the enemy powers: the Jew.

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