© 2012 Ipsos. All rights reserved. Contains Ipsos' Confidential and Proprietary information and may not be disclosed or reproduced without the prior written consent of Ipsos. The diagnosis of the level of knowledge of Poles on HIV/ AIDS and STIs as well as on sexual types of behavior © 2012 Ipsos. All rights reserved. Contains Ipsos' Confidential and Proprietary information and may not be disclosed or reproduced without the prior written consent of Ipsos. Prepared for: December 2014

Agenda 2 1.Research methodology 2.Research objectives 3.Research results 1.Knowledge on HIV/AIDS 2.Knowledge on STIs 3.HIV and STIs testing and referring the risk of infection to oneself 4.Sexual types of behavior 5.Attitudes toward condom use 6.Taking up risky types of behavior and factors supporting/hindering the change of attitude toward them 7.Sharing sexual history with the partner

Fieldwork timing Location Sample Research methodology 3  Fieldwork was conducted:  October – November 2014  Sample selected according to the regions of Poland used by GUS (National Office of Statistics)  Representative sample of Poles of years of age in respect to:  sex, age, place of residence  PESEL sample  N=1039  Computer assisted personal interviews (CAPI)  Face-to-face, in-home test  Each interview consisted of two parts:  Main interview – conducted by the interviewer - general topics  Journal – filled out by respondents themselves - sensitive topics

Research objectives Factors hindering and supporting changes in attitudes towards choosing safer types of behaviour 4 1 The level of knowledge on HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs):  Ways of transmission  Prevention methods  Risk factors  HIV/AIDS and STIs tests 2 Educational needs and expectations relating to HIV/AIDS and STIs:  Stereotypes, views and identification of knowledge gaps  Sources of knowledge on health, HIV/AIDS and STIs  Diagnosis of preferred communication channels and forms of messages  Effective communication channels regarding HIV/AIDS and STIs  Scope of public acceptance on communicating information on HIV/AIDS and STIs, 3 Characterization of sexual types of behavior :  Preferences, orientation, tendency to engage in risky types of sexual behavior  Identification of potential risky sexual types of behavior (number of sex partners, unprotected sexual contacts, casual sexual contacts, partners of unknown serological status, alcohol abuse resulting in loss of consciousness, use of psychoactive substances)  Respondent's self-assessment of the risk of infection 4 Attitudes toward HIV/AIDS and STIs:  Openness of partners towards each other in the matter of sexual health and sexual past  Opinions on HIV/AIDS and STIs  Identifying attitudes toward PLWHA or infected with STIs in terms of stigmatization and discrimination. 5

5 Research results

Knowledge on HIV/AIDS 6

Nearly all Poles have heard about HIV/AIDS, mainly from the media (primarily TV) Base: Poles years old, N= % of Poles have heard about HIV and… 97% about AIDS Sources of information 72% MediaSchoolFriends & family Medical staff 9%7% 4% 58%

Most Poles are aware of the conditions that do not pose any risk of HIV transmission, but there are quite a few situations they are uncertain about 8 5 situations in which an HIV transmission will definitely or rather NOT occur 5 situations in which an HIV transmission WILL definitely or rather occur During breastfeeding by an HIV+ mother (the baby will also be infected with HIV) 33% During pregnancy of an HIV+ mother who is unaware of the infection or not covered with the specialized treatment (the baby will also be infected with HIV) 27% Mosquito bite 26% 3 situations that raised the most doubts Base: Poles years old, N=1039

The Poles correctly identify vulnerable populations. Half of them believe that everyone is in danger, yet there is a strong belief that this risk "does not refer personally to me”. 9 Who is at a risk of an HIV infection? Base: Poles years old, N=1039

Knowledge on STIs 10

Relatively low level of knowledge of symptoms, and even less frequent use of STI preventive methods 11 Means of preventing STIs Base: Poles years old, N= % 15% 11% itching burning rash/allergic reaction Symptoms of STIs mentioned spontaneously 61% 34% 24% HIV and AIDS Syphilis Gonorrhea/clap The most known STIs mentioned spontaneously

HIV and STIs testing and referring the risk of infection to oneself 12

The Poles distance themselves from the risk of HIV and STI infection. Few people get tested, and very few consider getting tested in the future. Base: Poles years old, N= % of Poles believe that the problem of getting HIV rather or definitely does not refer to them 85% believe that the problem of contracting other STIs rather or definitely does not refer to them Referring the risk of infection to oneself 5% of Poles consider to make an HIV test in the future Probability of getting tested 5% of Poles have ever been HIV tested 4% have ever been STI tested HIV and STIs testing

The main reason for not getting HIV tested is the belief that "this problem does not refer to me" Base: Poles years old, N= % of Poles have ever been HIV tested Why haven't you made an HIV tested? N=995, persons who have never been tested for HIV 95% of Poles have never been HIV tested Main reason for getting tested. Persons who have been tested N=44 I am/ was pregnant33% I'm an honorary blood donor30% I was in hospital and they tested me8% Using services of a tatoo studio, manicurist, beautician 8% Unprotected sex with an unfamiliar person6% Employer/ insurer requirement6% Contact with blood2% This problem does not apply to me

15 Sexual types of behavior

The majority of Poles live in a stable, heterosexual relation and have experienced sexual initiation. Base: Poles years old, N= % of Poles have never had a sexual relation Current status Sexual orientation Vaginal sexual contacts Oral sexual contacts Anal sexual contacts 91% 53% 25% The average age of sexual initiation of a respondent: 19,0 years of age partner: 20,0 years of age Heterosexual

An average Pole has had sexual contacts less than once a week during the last 12 months Base: persons who had sex within the last 12 months N=936/N=77717 With whom have you had sexual relations during the last 12 months? 3,3 1,8 Average number of partners within the last 12 months Average number of partners in a lifetime 33,5 average number of sexual contacts per year

18 Attitudes concerning condom use

Half of the Poles have not used condoms during the last 12 months due to sexual preferences and because they trust their partner Base: persons who have had sexual relations within the last 12 months, N= Use of condoms during the last 12 months 52% Not at all I prefer sex without it I trust my partner completely, so there was no need to use condoms I use other forms of contraceptives (e.g. pills) We use coitus interruptus 40% 30% 15% 12% Why don't you use condoms? Base: persons who have had sexual relations within the last 12 months, N=644 59% of sexually active Poles believe that: using condoms indicates responsibility and a condom is the most effective method of STIs prevention Base: persons who had sex within the last 12 months, N=777 59%

20 Engaging in risky types of behavior and factors hindering/supporting the change of attitudes toward them

Risky types of behavior are the most frequently connected with unprotected sexual intercourses that take place after consuming alcohol; the use of drugs is far less frequent. Base: persons who had sex within the last 12 months, N= Risky types of sexual behavior Unprotected sex after consuming alcohol Unprotected sex with a person about whose sexual health I knew nothing Sex with or petting a person other than my stable partner 20% Use of substances at least several times in a month alcohol 4% non-intravenous drugs 4% legal/designer drugs 2% intravenous drugs

More often… 14% men 15% single 37% declaring bisexual orientation 20% who had anal sex 21% who had min. 5 sex partners More often… 18% men 35% declaring bisexual orientation 26% who had anal sex 24% who had min. 5 sex partners 18% who stayed in at least 2 relationships 23% who have been in a relationship for less than 1 year Changing one's attitude toward risky types of behavior is hindered by staying in a less stable relationship. Such types of behavior are taken up more often by single people, people who were involved in at least 2 relationships and those who declare sexual openness. Base: persons who had sex within the last 12 months, N= More often… 49% men 46% declaring bisexual orientation 45%/ 44% staying in a partner relationship/single 54%/ 50% who had anal/oral sex 51%/ 64% who had 3-4/min. 5 sex partners 53% who stayed in at least 2 relationships 48% who have been in a relationship for 1-6 years 47% are believers, non-practicing or only on special occasions Factors hindering and factors supporting the change of attitudes toward risky types of behavior More often… 24% men 40% declaring bisexual orientation 26%/24% in a partner relationship/ single 30% who had anal sex 46% who had min. 5 sex partners 25% who stayed in at least 2 relationships 28% who has been in a relationship for less than 1 year More often… 28% men 31% declaring bisexual orientation 32% single 33% who had anal sex 48% who had min. 5 sex partners 32% who stayed in at least 2 relationships

23 Sharing sexual past with the partner

Only 1/3 of Poles have shared their sexual past with a partner; however, the partner is likely to share this information if asked. Base: Poles years old, N= % of Poles raised the topic of sexual past with their partner when starting the relationship The reasons for not sharing this info: 36% fully trust their partner, so they didn't need to know such issues 19% felt too embarrassed to ask about it Base: persons who did not talk about sexual history with their partner, N=714 28% Partners raised the topic of sexual past because: wanted to know whether the partner was healthy wanted to know whether the partner was engaged in risky sexual types of behavior in the past 23% Base: persons who had talked with their partner about sexual history, N=325 61% of those who talked about sexual past had a partner who willingly shared information about his/her own sexual history Base: persons who had a talk with their partner about sexual history, N=325 9% asked whether the partner had made an HIV test 9% asked about the possibility of making an HIV test 6% asked whether the partner had made an STI test 76% of Poles never ask a new sexual partner about HIV testing Base: Poles years old, N=1039

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