1. 2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) HIV/AIDS: Knowledge, Stigma, and Behaviour

2. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour Stigma and discrimination Sexual behaviour HIV testing Contents

3. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 Knowledge of AIDS among Women and Men by Residence Percent of women and men age 15-49 who have heard of AIDS

4. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 Trends in AIDS Knowledge Percent of ever-married women age 15-49 who have heard of AIDS

5. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 AIDS Knowledge by State: Women

6. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 AIDS Knowledge by State: Men

7. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 Source of AIDS Knowledge among Women and Men Percent of women and men 15-49 who received information from specific sources

8. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 Knowledge of HIV Prevention Methods Percent of women and men age 15-49 who know of HIV prevention methods

9. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 What is Comprehensive Knowledge? Persons have comprehensive knowledge if they know: That using a condom and having just one uninfected partner limits the risk of getting AIDS AND That a healthy looking person can have AIDS AND Reject the two most common misconceptions about AIDS transmission (transmission by mosquito bites and by sharing food)

10. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 Comprehensive Knowledge among Women and Men age 15-49 Percent

11. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 Most common misconceptions (that AIDS can be transmitted by mosquito bites, hugging, or sharing food with an HIV-positive person) Thirty one percent of women and 44 percent of men reject all three misconceptions. Less than two- fifths of women are aware that a healthy looking person can have HIV/AIDS. Adult men (37 percent) are over one and half times more likely than women (23 percent) to reject all the three misconceptions and know that a healthy looking person may have HIV/AIDS. Misconceptions are negatively associated with type of residence, education and wealth quintiles

12. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 HIV/AIDS Awareness by State Percentage of women and men age 15-49 NFHS-3, 2005-06

13. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

15. Comprehensive Knowledge and Knowledge of a Condom Source among Youth

16. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 HIV/AIDS Awareness Indicators Percent of women and men age 15-49

17. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 Comprehensive Knowledge among Youth Percent of women and men age 15-24 with comprehensive knowledge* about HIV/AIDS Percent of young people who : Know that using a condom and having just 1 uninfected partner limits the risk of getting AIDS; Know that a healthy looking person can have AIDS; Reject the 2 most common misconceptions about AIDS transmission (mosquitoes and sharing food)

18. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 Comprehensive Knowledge about HIV/AIDS among Youth by State Percentage of women and men age 15-24

19. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 Accepting Attitudes toward Those Living with HIV/AIDS Among those age 15-49 who have heard of AIDS, percent who:

20. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 Accepting Attitudes toward Those Living with HIV/AIDS by State Percent who express accepting attitudes on all four indicators

21. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 Attitudes toward Negotiating Sex with Husband Percent of women and men age 15-49 who believe that, if a husband has sexually transmitted disease his wife is justified in refusing to have sexual intercourse with him or (if men) asking that they use a condom

22. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 Higher Risk Sex  1 of every 500 women and 5 in every 100 men have had 2 or more sexual partners in the past 12 months  Among never-married women age 15- 49 who had sexual intercourse in the last 12 months, 4 percent have had more than one partner and 51 percent have had higher-risk sex

23. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 Higher Risk Sex (Contd.)  Among never married men age 15-49 who reported sexual intercourse in the past 12 months, 18 percent have had more than one partner and 94 percent have had higher-risk sex  27% of never married women and 40% of never married men who had higher risk sex in the past 12 months used a condom the last time they had sex.

24. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 Paid Sex and Condom Use by Men Men age 15-49

25. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 Age at First Sexual Intercourse among Youth

26. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 Condom Use at First Sexual Intercourse among Youth Women age 15-24 Men age 15-24

27. Most Recent Sex and Condom Use  One in 100 never married young women and 12 % never married young men have ever had sex.  These percentages are 0.5% women and 7% men for the 12 months preceding the survey  37% of never married young men and 18% of never married young women used a condom the last time they had sex.  Urban residents, those with 12 or more complete years of education, and with regular exposure to media are more likely to use a condom during their most recent act of sex.

28. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) and STI Symptoms Percent of women and men age 15-49 who have ever had sexual intercourse reporting having STIs and STI symptoms

29. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) and STI Symptoms by States Percent of women and men age 15-49 who have ever had sexual intercourse, reporting having STIs and STI symptoms

30. Any HIV Testing Prior to NFHS-3  Only 3% of women and 4% of men in India have ever been tested for HIV  Women and men in urban areas are more likely to have been tested for their HIV status  There is little variation across states in percent tested.  Range: From 1% in Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Meghalaya and a maximum of 14% among men in Goa  In Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Manipur, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Mizoram 5 ‑ 9% of both women and men have ever been tested  The percentage tested is higher among sexually active youth: 3 % than men 1 %

31. Priority Issues for NACP AIDS awareness has increased but still two-fifths of women have never heard of AIDS Low comprehensive awareness among women and men requires a strategic change in awareness programme A change in priorities is essential but the focus should continue on prevention and control Stigma and denial are major barriers to increasing coverage of HIV testing

32. NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 Photo: Relative Media