ILIAS Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science OPTICON Meeting Grenoble, 11 Oct 2004 J.H. Seiradakis Greek National Committee for Astronomy Three major scientific poles 1.Physics in Underground Laboratories and Low Background Techniques 2.Gravitational Wave Detection, 3.Theoretical Astroparticle Physics ILIAS: coordinates and enhances all infrastructures of the Astroparticle Physics Community in Europe

ILIAS Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science OPTICON Meeting Grenoble, 11 Oct 2004 J.H. Seiradakis Greek National Committee for Astronomy 1. Physics in deep Underground Laboratories Institute of Underground Science in Boulby mine, UK Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane, France Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc, Spain LSC Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy LNGS

ILIAS Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science OPTICON Meeting Grenoble, 11 Oct 2004 J.H. Seiradakis Greek National Committee for Astronomy ☺One Transnational Access: Deep Underground Science Laboratories (A1/TA-DUSL) 1. Four Underground Labs, coordinated European policy, transnational users ☺ Three Networking Activities 1. Deep Underground Science Laboratories (N2/DUSL) 2. Direct Dark Matter Detection (N3/DMD) 3. Search on Double Beta Decay (N4/DBD) ☺ Two Joint Research Activities 1. Low Background Techniques for Deep Underground Science (JRA1/LBT-DUSL) 2. Integrated Double Beta Decay European Activities (JRA2/IDEA) 1. Physics in deep Underground Laboratories

ILIAS Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science OPTICON Meeting Grenoble, 11 Oct 2004 J.H. Seiradakis Greek National Committee for Astronomy ☺ One Networking Activity  Gravitational Wave Antenna (N5/GWA) Link groups working on two large European interferometers and three resonant cryogenic detectors (GEO, VIRGO). Provide links to optical-, gamma- and neutrino-astronomy ☺ One Joint Research Activity  Study of thermal Noise Reduction in Gravitational Wave Detectors (JRA3/STREGA) (ten fold reduction of thermal noise – the limitation of present GW antennas - using new materials and new techniques) 2. Gravitational Wave Detection GEO600 (Hannover) VIRGO (Pisa)

ILIAS Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science OPTICON Meeting Grenoble, 11 Oct 2004 J.H. Seiradakis Greek National Committee for Astronomy 3. Theoretical Astroparticle Physics ☺ One Networking Activity  Theoretical Astroparticle Physics (N6/ENTApP) Cooperation between theoreticians on different phenomenological and theoretical aspects of the field Neutrinos, dark matter, gravitational waves Helping to understand existing data and to define future projects Visitor program, training sessions

ILIAS Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science OPTICON Meeting Grenoble, 11 Oct 2004 J.H. Seiradakis Greek National Committee for Astronomy 20 contractors from 12 countries Main participants: France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK Other labs foreseen to contribute: > 70 from 20 countries with 6 outside EC Contractors - Budget Total budget: 10 M€ EC support: 7.5 M€ Networking Activities : 2.7 M€ Joint Research Activities : 4.1 M€ Transnational Access: 0.7 M€

ILIAS Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science OPTICON Meeting Grenoble, 11 Oct 2004 J.H. Seiradakis Greek National Committee for Astronomy ILIAS list of participants  1 Commissariat àCEAFrance l’Energie Atomique, Paris  2 Centre National de la CNRS France Recherche Scientifique, Paris  3 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Frascati INFN Italy  4 Universidad de Zaragoza UNIZAR Spain  5 The University of Sheffield USFDUK  6 Czech Technical University in Prague CTU Czech  7 University Of SouthernSDU Denmark Denmark, Odense  8 University of JyväskyläJYU Finland  9 Max-Planck Society forMPIK Germany the advancement of Science, represented by Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg  10 Technische Universität MünchenTUM Germany  11 Eberhard Karl, Universität Tübingen EKUT Germany  12 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki AUTH Greece  13 Istituto di Fotonica e NanotecnologieIFN Italy CNRSezione di Trento  14 European GravitationalEGO Italy Observatory, Cascina  15 Leiden University –MiniGRAILNetherlands LION Institute of Physics  16 Faculty of Mathematics,FMFI-UK Slovakia Physics & Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava  17 European OrganisationCERNInt. Org. for Nuclear Research, Geneva  18 Bogazici University, Istanbul BU Turkey  19 University of Glasgow U.Glasgow UK  20 University College London UCL UK

ILIAS Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science OPTICON Meeting Grenoble, 11 Oct 2004 J.H. Seiradakis Greek National Committee for Astronomy –authorized representatives of each contractor –monitor overall framework of ILIAS –readjustment of research program –political and strategic orientation of ILIAS –general project policy, ILIAS Implementation plan, plan for using and disseminating the knowledge –budgetary appropriations,financial allocation of EU contribution between activities and contractors, –upon proposal by the SC vote on inclusion/exclusion of new participants –ensures commitments proposed by EB are consistent with EC contract –Scientific Coord., ILIAS Coord., Coordinators of Activities –checks progress off activities –controls implementation of decisions of the GC –co-ordination of report preparations –financial aspects of projects –management of information exchange (inside and outside) – ILIAS Coord., Administrative Staff, Financial Staff – ensure day-to-day management – administrative, financial, legal and other non-technical aspects – assist EB (planning, scheduling) – 8 Members, nominated by the GC – monitors overall progress of ILIAS – approval of working plans proposed by EB – examines budgetary requests, approves overall budget – approves necessary technical and financial adjustments to the activities upon proposal by the EB – handling of potential conflicts – approves changes in the structure proposed by EB – approves final termination of project – composed of scientific experts in Astroparticle Physics, chosen in consideration of their individual competence, independent of nationality etc. – periodic review of scientific and technical work in JRA‘s and TA – monitors co-ordination achievements of the networks – evaluation of ILIAS implementation plan and results – may be consulted by other ILIAS committees on scientific issues – directors of the four deep underground laboratories – reinforce cooperation and coordination – share information – make sure there is no duplication of research effort – set up sub-committees for user selection – co-ordinate security measures

ILIAS Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science OPTICON Meeting Grenoble, 11 Oct 2004 J.H. Seiradakis Greek National Committee for Astronomy A1/TA-DUSL Transnational Access Activities Underground Labs Co-ordination & Management Users Selection Panel Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc (LSC) Laboratorio Nationale del Gran Sasso (LNGS) Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM) Boulby Mine Underground Laboratory (IUS) Underground Labs facilities Networking Activities N2/DUSL - Deep Underground Science Laboratories N3/DMD - Direct Dark Matter Detection N4/DBD - Search on Double Beta Decay N5/GWA - Gravitational Wave Antenna N6/ENTApP - Theoretical Astroparticle Physics N1/Mgmt – Management of the I3 Joint Research Activities JRA1/LBT-DUSL - Low Background Techniques for Deep Underground Science JRA2/IDEA - Integrated Double-Beta-Decay JRA3/STREGA - Study on Thermal Noise Reduction In GW Detectors Governing Council Peer Review Committee Consortium Management Executive Board Management Team Steering Committee Gravitational Waves new window for observations neutron stars, black holes supernovae link to optical-, gamma-, and neutrino astronomy Rich interaction between the ILIAS activities Cosmology & Particle Physics Direct Dark Matter Search (are Particles Cold Dark Matter) Search Double Beta Decay (Neutrino-mass) => Rare Event Searches Rare Event Searches: - Underground Laboratories - Low Background Techniques

ILIAS Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science OPTICON Meeting Grenoble, 11 Oct 2004 J.H. Seiradakis Greek National Committee for Astronomy Interdependency of the ILIAS activities N2N3N4N5N6TA1JRA1JRA2JRA3 N2 XX XXXX N3 X X XXXX N4 XX XXXX N5 X X N6 XXXX XXX TA1 XXX XX JRA1 XXX XX X JRA2 XXX XX X JRA3 XX

ILIAS Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science OPTICON Meeting Grenoble, 11 Oct 2004 J.H. Seiradakis Greek National Committee for Astronomy Expected Science: 1. Gravitational Wave Astronomy  Milky Way Study of the instability in the neutron stars (glitches in the radio emission) – test for neutron star models  Galactic Astronomy Coalescence of dense objects (Neutron Stars or Black Holes) BH/BH coalescence can be used as a distance yard stick  Cosmology Stochastic background – signature of the distribution of mass at the early age of the Universe – selection of inflation models Detection of BH/BH coalescence out to z=2 (3 rd generation detectors) – measurement of the expansion rate of Universe

ILIAS Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science OPTICON Meeting Grenoble, 11 Oct 2004 J.H. Seiradakis Greek National Committee for Astronomy  STREGA (JRA) Study of Thermal noise Reduction for European Gravitational Wave Detectors 10 times reduction of TN w.r.t. the best level achievable with the current technology (TN is the major limit for the GW detection) ~120 physicists (IT, F, NL, UK)  GWA (NW) Gravitational Wave Antennas - To promote the collaboration between the European Experiments (data exchange and detectors upgrade) - To support the joint observations with the traditional astronomy ~300 physicists (D, IT, F, NL, ES, UK) GEO600 (Hannover) VIRGO (Pisa) Expected Science: 1. Gravitational Wave Astronomy (Continued)

ILIAS Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science OPTICON Meeting Grenoble, 11 Oct 2004 J.H. Seiradakis Greek National Committee for Astronomy Expected Science: 2. Direct Dark Matter Search Observational evidence for cold non-baryonic Dark Matter in the universe Possibly linked to particle physics Supersymmetry (WIMPs) Axions Direct WIMP search by elastic scattering on nuclei (nuclear recoils)

ILIAS Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science OPTICON Meeting Grenoble, 11 Oct 2004 J.H. Seiradakis Greek National Committee for Astronomy  Search for very rare nuclear recoil events  Sensitivity today ~ 1 cts / kg / week  Ultra-pure Ge-Detectors, NaI-Detectors (HDMS, DAMA, NaIAD)  With high statistic: look for annual modulation of recoil spectrum (relative speed varies as earth orbits around sun) DAMA Evidence ??? Expected Science: 2. Direct Dark Matter Search (Continued)

ILIAS Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science OPTICON Meeting Grenoble, 11 Oct 2004 J.H. Seiradakis Greek National Committee for Astronomy (A,Z)  (A,Z+2) + 2e - 0 -DBD neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (0 -DBD) never observed –  > y  (A,Z)  (A,Z+2) + 2e e rare decay allowed by the Standard Model already observed –   y  Lepton number non conservation:  L = -2 new physics beyond the Standard Model neutrinos are massive Majorana particles m  0    After the discovery of neutrino flavor oscillations, 0 -DBD has got an excellent discovery potential The only viable experiment capable to extend sensitivity to neutrino mass down to ~10 meV Two Possibilities are usually discussed: Expected Science: 3. Double Beta Decay (DBD): A rare Nuclear Transition

ILIAS Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science OPTICON Meeting Grenoble, 11 Oct 2004 J.H. Seiradakis Greek National Committee for Astronomy underground operation; shielding; low radioactivity of materials; event identification  More common strategy: Detect the two electrons and measure their energyhigh energy resolution and/or low background  Typical requirements: Ge diodes – 76 Ge – Heidelberg (D) et al. Zaragoza (E) et al. m ee < 0.35 eV  Bolometers – 130 Te – Milano (I) et al. m ee < 0.85 eV m ee < 0.19 eV (CUORICINO)  Tracking – 100 Mo – Orsay (F) et al.m ee < 0.2 eV (NEMO3)  Technique – Isotope - Groups Present limit Close-future limit  Present results and prospects: m ee ~ 0.40 eV Klapdor’s et al. claim running Double Beta Decay (Continued)

ILIAS Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science OPTICON Meeting Grenoble, 11 Oct 2004 J.H. Seiradakis Greek National Committee for Astronomy Network and Joint Research Activity for DBD in the framework of ILIAS 7 experimental tasks Bank of Pure Isotopes 82 Se project 150 Nd project Study of cosmogenics Rejection of surface activity Ge shielding with LN 2 Clean crystallization 1.Bordeaux (F) 2.Caen (F) 3.Firenze (I) 4.Gif sur Yvette (F) 5.Heidelberg (D) 6.Como (I) 7.Jyväskylä (SF) 8.Leiden (NL) 9.Praha (CZ) 9.Legnaro (I) 10.Milano (I) 11.Orsay (F) 12.Strasbourg (F) 13.Tübingen (D) 14.Gran Sasso (I) 15.Zaragoza (E) 16.London (GB) 17.Bratislava (SK) 17 European Institutions – 9 countries EUROPEAN OBSERVATORY FOR DBD foundation of a EUROPEAN OBSERVATORY FOR DBD DBD-NWIDEA-JR2 Expected Science: 3. Double Beta Decay (DBD): (Continued)

ILIAS Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science OPTICON Meeting Grenoble, 11 Oct 2004 J.H. Seiradakis Greek National Committee for Astronomy A1 : Transnational Access FP5 ( ): 53 TA users 1500 person-days (900 in 2004) 20 Research Projects 17 Poland 11 Germany 10 France 4 Portugal 3 Hungary 3 Romania 3 Russia 1 Finland 1 UK Anticipated TA during FP6 ILIAS ( ): 3000 experimental person-days FP5 FP6

ILIAS Integrated Large Infrastructures for Astroparticle Science OPTICON Meeting Grenoble, 11 Oct 2004 J.H. Seiradakis Greek National Committee for Astronomy Thank You