1. Boulby Canfranc Modane (Fréjus) Gran Sasso Pyhalsami “ILIAS-next” is a proposed FP7 Integrating Activity that will represent at the highest level the Underground Science and Research in Europe ILIAS-next “ILIAS-next” aims at being the first unified entity in the world to coordinate and structure the Underground Science as a whole “ILIAS-next” will be centred around  The European Underground Laboratories in terms of infrastructures  “Low Energy” Astroparticle Physics in terms of science Interdisciplinary activities Physics of Massive Neutrinos 1-5 July 2007 Blaubeuren, Germany Andrea Giuliani University of Insubria and INFN Milano-Bicocca

2. Outline  Preamble about Research Infrastructures in FP7  Basic structure of ILIAS-next  Purpose and scientific topics  Present situation  A new name?

3. Preamble FP7 1. Cooperation 2. Ideas 3. People 4. Capacities (Research Infrastructure) 5. Joint Research Center + EURATOM Integrating activities (I3): projects aiming at structuring better, on a European scale, the way research infrastructures operate in a given field I3 should combine, in a closely coordinated manner: (i)Networking activities (NW) (ii)Trans-national access and/or service activities (TA) (iii)Joint research activities (JRA) All three categories of activities are mandatory as synergistic effects are expected from these different components

4. N1 Coord. Manag. N6 Theory net NW2 Deep Lab net JRA1 Low background TA1 Access TA2 Service NW3 Dark Matter net NW4 Neutrino Mass net JRA3 Support technologies JRA2 Detection techniques JRA4 Support experiments NW5 Grav. Wave net JRA5 Simulations OUTSIDE ILIAS X-ray  -ray Astro Cosmo Radio HEAP LHC results Structure of ILIAS-next

5. Structure and coordinate the scientific communities operating in the framework of Underground labs Extend to non-physics science Develop key technologies for underground science Networks Transnational Accesses Joint Research Activities   mass Dark MatterGravitational WavesLow Energy Neutrinos Ultimate questions on the Universe Science Applied research IndustryOutreach Society ILIAS-next Underground Research for Science and Society Purposes of ILIAS-next

6. Science in ILIAS-next Science will be focused on six main areas:  Neutrino Mass Scale and nature  Dark Matter  Low Energy Neutrinos  Gravitational Waves Theoretical Astroparticle Physics  Interdisciplinary activities

7. Experiments and technological developments in JRAs  Experiments to measure double beta decay matrix elements (JRA4)  High energy resolution  calorimeters for direct measurement of neutrino mass (JRA2)  Semiconductor detectors with active background suppression techniques (JRA2)  Novel scintillator detectors (JRA2)  Neutrino Mass Scale and nature - the quest for neutrino mass scale and nature is central in the comprehension of fundamental interactions, of the development of large scale structure in the Universe and of the prevalence of matter with respect to antimatter. ILIAS-next will coordinate the research in this field, which is mainly conducted through underground searches (Double Beta Decay and possible future Single Beta Decay measurements), and will develop new technologies able to revolutionize the field and to set the bases for next generation experiments. Dedicated network NW4: NMnet  Low energy physics in neutrino mass experiments  Single and double beta decay analysis for neutrino mass experiments  Nuclear matrix elements for double beta decay  Discussion table and think tank for new experimental and theoretical approaches D. Frekers: Nuclear physics experiments for NME estimation D. Schaefer: Status of MARE K. Kroeninger: Segmentation studies with Germanium detectors K. Zuber: Pixelled detectors for DBD J.-S. Ricol: High resolution scintillator detectors for DBD

8.  Dark Matter - Dark Matter, which constitutes most of the matter present in our Universe, remains a fundamental mystery and has a central role in cosmology. ILIAS- next will provide European coordination in this field and will develop the most promising key technologies to discover the elementary particle candidates to the composition of Dark Matter through deep underground experiments. Experiments and technological developments in JRAs  Physics and technology of noble liquid and gas detectors (JRA2)  Recoil calibration of dark matter detectors (JRA4)  European strategy and coordination of dark matter and axion research  Direct, indirect and accelerator search theory and experiment coordination  Data, statistics and analysis coordination  Axions and axion-like particles theory and experiment coordination Dedicated network NW3: DMnet X. Liu: Pulse shape analysis P. Pfeiffer: Liquid argon veto

9.  Low Energy Neutrinos - several crucial physics phenomena in the Universe and in the Earth lead to the emission of low energy neutrinos, whose detection is possible only in huge underground structures. ILIAS-next will study and deepen the connection between low energy neutrinos and other Astroparticle Physics topics, and will study technical developments useful for their detection and common to other frontier research fields, such as Proton decay. No dedicated network Technological developments in JRAs  Studies on liquid argon  Liquid scintillators for low energy detection: transparency, radiopurity, light yield  Site improvement and extensions Network NW2: DEEPnet H. Simgen: Purification plant for liquid argon / nitrogen

10. Experiments, technological developments and simulations in JRAs common to rare event search (M, DM, LE )  Ultra low- level measurements and analyses  Development of novel ultra low-level measurement techniques and methods  R&D on new methods and techniques to measure radioactive noble gases JRA1 : Ultra low background techniques for deep underground science infrastructures JRA2: Advanced techniques for rare event detection  Very low temperature solid state detectors JRA3: Support technologies for underground operation  Shielding construction technologies  Study of muon induced background at existing experiments  Dedicated beams experiments to study bkg activation and detector response JRA4: High energy and nuclear physics support experiments  Background from radioactivity  Background induced by cosmic rays  Modelling detectors and physics processes JRA5: Supporting simulations and data analysis for underground physics S. Pirro: Scintillating bolometers for the double beta decay C. Salvioni: Rejection of surface radioactivity in TeO 2 bolometers I. Dafinei: TeO 2 crystals for DBD experiments X.Sarazin: Measurements of surface radioactivity (BiPo status) S. Cebrian: Cosmogenic induced activity G. Meierhofer: Neutron capture on Ge-76 S. Capelli: Simulation of the CUORE background induced by crystal surface and bulk radioactivity

11.  Gravitational Waves - coordination will be provided for the European search for Gravitational Waves, with special care for a project for a future underground interferometer. Several technological developments common to other underground research topics will be pursued.  Large cryogenics infrastructures  Readout electronics and Data Acquisition JRA3 Support technologies for underground operation Technological developments common to rare event search and gravitational waves  Detectors commissioning, characterization and operation  Data analysis  Future detectors  Gravitational waves sources  Outreach  Coordination Dedicated network NW5: GWnet

12. Theoretical Astroparticle Physics - a network of theorists will provide the bases for the coordination and the planning of the experimental activities, and will establish the connection with accelerator physics (a large impact on astroparticle physics is expected from LHC results) and high energy cosmic phenomena (multimessenger approach). Theory network NW6: THnet  Astrophysics and Cosmology as a Laboratory for Particle Physics  Massive Neutrinos  Underground Astrophysics Theory and Phenomenology European Strategy and Coordination

13.  Interdisciplinary activities - Technologies for the reduction of the radioactive background, deeply developed in ILIAS-next for Astroparticle Physics research, and in general underground research spaces are becoming more and more interesting to other fields of physics (e.g. physics of the atmosphere and of the environment) as well as for non-physics research like geology, hydrology, biology etc. Implementation of underground techniques can open up new channels of synergy and interdisciplinary research, with benefit also for applied research. These aspects will be developed in ILIAS-next, that aspires to be a coordination centre for underground science cutting the boundaries between different disciplines. Technological developments in JRA1  Radiodating, Earth science and environmental applications Planned dedicated network for underground science in general: SCInet  Underground science and engineering coordination and user panel  Deep geo - geophysics, geology, geo-engineering and mining engineering  Deep life - geo-microbiology, life and environmental science  Deep com - commercial, industrial and security applications

14. Present situation We have a proposal, including individual proposals for the various activities Preliminary list of beneficiaries Preliminary budget [16,6 Meuro] The individual proposals are well-structured, with list of deliverables and implementation plan We have a management team with a coordinator Next steps [within 30 th July]  Define budget and beneficiaries  Produce a circulable version of the proposal  Propose the new name  Define the non-physics topics To be ready for the call and to react to the decisions on Design Studies

15. New name (?)  URANIA [Underground Research and Astroparticle Novel Infrastructure Activities]  DEEPnet  THUNDER [THe Underground Network of DEtectors for Research] The muse of astronomy  TELLUS [The European Large Laboratories for Underground Science]  AEOLUS [Advanced EurOpean Laboratories for Underground Science]  LINUS [Large Infrastructures for Novel Underground Science]