SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIETY Chapter 5

SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND STATUS Objective: explain what sociologists mean by social structure. Preview: The underlying pattern of social relationships in a group is called social structure. Status is one very important element of social structure. Ascribed statuses are assigned at birth; achieved statuses are earned or chosen. Objectives for Section 1 & Section Preview SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND STATUS

ON YOUR OWN, DEFINE THE FOLLOWING VOCABULARY WORDS: Social Structure Status Ascribed Status Achieved Status Status Set Master Status

LIST EXAMPLES FOR THE FOLLOWING: Ascribed Status Achieved Status Male/Female (Sex) Age Lower/Middle/Upper Class (@ Birth) Religion (Birth/Culture) Husband/Wife (Marital Status) Father/Mother (Parents) Teacher/Doctor (Employment)

GIVE YOUR OWN STATUS SET Ascribed Achieved

HOW DOES MASTER STATUS INFLUENCE YOUR LIFE? Where we live How we live How long we live How far we can go in our career ?

Social Structure and Status SECTION 1 RECAP Social Structure and Status Main Idea: The underlying pattern of social relationships in a group is called social structure. Ascribed statuses are assigned at birth; achieved statuses are earned or chosen.

SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND ROLES Objectives: discuss how statuses and roles are related to social structure. identify and illustrate the concepts of social structure. Preview People interact according to prescribed roles. These roles carry certain rights and obligations. Sometimes conflict or strain occurs when an individual has too many roles to play. Objectives for Section 2 & Section Preview SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND ROLES

MORE VOCABULARY FOR YOU TO DEFINE AND KNOW. Role Rights Obligations Role Performance Social Interaction Role Conflict Role Strain

HOW ARE ROLES DIFFERENT FROM STATUS? A described behavior Teaching students the main ideas of sociological studies. Status A described position An instructor of sociology. Why would these be mistaken and how can they be confused?

HOW DO RIGHTS & OBLIGATIONS WORK TOGETHER? Teacher is obligated to be prepared with a lesson on a daily basis, while the student has the the right to expect the teacher to be prepared with the lesson. Culture underlies the parts played in real life. Give another example of this principle in your own words.

TRUE/ FALSE: SOCIAL INTERACTION DOES NOT HELP TO IDENTIFY ROLE PERFORMANCE. Why is this the case? Give examples to support your answers

HOW IS ACTING DIFFERENT FROM ROLE PERFORMANCE? 1. Role performance occurs without planning 2. Departures are not easy to detect between role and role performance 3. Relationship between cues & responses not programmed or predictable Cultural norms keep responses limited

COPY THE FOLLOWING CHART IN YOUR NOTES COPY THE FOLLOWING CHART IN YOUR NOTES. GIVE AN EXAMPLE FROM YOUR OWN LIFE THAT DEMONSTRATES THIS PRINCIPLE.

IN WHAT WAYS DO WE MANAGE ROLE CONFLICT & ROLE STRAIN? Prioritize choose which is more important and act accordingly Segregation separate behavior in one role from that in another Meeting goals & expectations for all roles is impossible. Not accomplishing some will be ok for a while, but at some point it will be judged as failing to meet expected role performance.

ROLE CONFLICT AND ROLE STRAIN What Should Be Learned From the Example About Dave & Ted? ROLE CONFLICT AND ROLE STRAIN

Social Structures and Roles SECTION 2 RECAP Social Structures and Roles Main Idea: People interact according to pre- scribed roles. These roles carry certain rights and obligations.

PREINDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES Objective: describe the means of subsistence in preindustrial societies. Preview: The way a society provides for basic needs greatly affects its culture and social structure. Preindustrial, industrial, and postindustrial societies meet basic needs in different ways. Preindustrial societies include hunting and gathering, horticultural, pastoral, and agricultural societies. Objectives for Section 3 & Section Preview PREINDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

WORDS WITH IMPORTANT MEANINGS. (PERHAPS YOU SHOULD WRITE THEM DOWN) Society Hunting & Gathering Society Horticultural Society Pastoral Society Agricultural Society

LIST CHARACTERISTICS OF A HUNTING & GATHERING SOCIETY. Nomadic Few material possessions Family takes care of needs No concept of ownership No Government More leisure time

LIST CHARACTERISTICS OF A HUNTING & GATHERING SOCIETY. Small groups Cooperation (Sharing resources) Generosity & hospitality valued No social classes Labor divided by sex & age

ARE THERE ANY HUNTER AND GATHER SOCIETY IN TODAY’S WORLD? Yes No Where might they be located?

LIST CHARACTERISTICS OF HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. Permanent settlements Multi-community societies Emphasis on providing for family Depend more on families than others

WHAT ARE SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF A PASTORAL SOCIETY? Farm or trade for grain Migration (unless alternate grazing fields) Political & religious leaders Creation of surplus leads to social inequality Woman at home/ Men with the herd Male dominated Complex division of labor Trade for non-edible goods

MAIN POINTS OF THE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. Use plows & animals Cities built Non-farming occupations rise New political, religious, & economic institutes emerge Economic based on trade (money emerges) Due to high productivity more can become educated, & engage is non-economic activities Government guiding force not family Distinct social classes emerged Government & Religion

USING THE INFORMATION YOU HAVE BEEN GIVEN, CATEGORIZE THE INTO THE APPROPRIATE SOCIETY. Permanent settlements No concept of ownership Use plows & animals Migration (unless alternate grazing fields)

SECTION 3 RECAP Preindustrial Societies Main Idea: The way a society provides for basic needs greatly affects its cultural and social structure. Preindustrial, industrial, and postindustrial societies meet basic needs in different ways. Preindustrial societies include hunting and gathering, horticultural, pastoral, and agricultural societies.

INDUSTRIAL AND POSTINDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES Objectives: discuss the characteristics of industrial society. compare and contrast preindustrial, industrial, and postindustrial societies. Preview: The Industrial Revolution created a new type of society called industrial society. Characteristics that distinguish this society from all earlier ones include the growth of large cities and a widespread dependence on machines and technology. Postindustrial society has a predominately white-collar labor force that is concentrated in service industries. Social instability has been linked to the transition from an industrial to a postindustrial society. Objectives for Section 4 & Section Preview INDUSTRIAL AND POSTINDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

MORE VOCABULARY!!! HOW HAPPY ARE WE???? Industrial Society Mechanization Urbanization Gemeinschaft Gesellschaft Social Solidarity Mechanical Solidarity Organic Solidarity Postindustrial Society

WHAT IS INVOLVED IN MOVING FROM AN AGRICULTURAL TO INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY? -Move from simple to advanced technologies -Labor is less human driven and more machine driven -Alternative power sources -Move from farms to cities -Education moved from home to school -Distance grows between families -Love & personal choice take over from arranged marriages Women less subordinate -Social class based more on occupation and less on parents

WHAT ARE THE 5 MAJOR FEATURES OF A POSTINDUSTRIAL SOCIETY? 1. Majority of the labor in services 2. White collar replaces blue collar workers 3. Technology knowledge is the key organizing feature 4. Technology change is planned and assessed 5. Reliance on computer modeling in all areas

WHAT ARE MARKERS FOR SOCIAL STABILITY & INSTABILITY? Crime Illegitimacy Divorce Distrust

WHAT CAUSES A RETURN TO SOCIAL STABILITY? Values Norms Because culture can change, it is used to create new social structures better used to adapt to social & economic circumstances.

SECTION 4 RECAP Industrial and Postindustrial Societies Main Idea: The Industrial Revolution created a new type of society marked by the growth of large cities and a dependence on machines and technology. Postindustrial society has a predominantly white-collar labor force that is concentrated in service industries.