EAST ASIA III (CHAPTER 9: )

THE JAKOTA TRIANGLE CHARACTERISTICS –Great cities –Enormous consumption of raw materials –State-of-the-art industries –Voluminous exports –Global links –Trades surpluses –Rapid development CHALLENGES –Social problems –Political uncertainties –Vulnerabilities

Transportation Resources Cities JAPAN

JAPAN’S CORE AREA

OUTLINE OF JAPANESE HISTORY Chinese cultural influence War, Medieval society arises, shoguns evolve Tokugawa Shogunate, isolation, foreigners and Christianity expelled, individualistic culture, emphasis on Shinto belief system Commodore Perry acquires new treaties with the outside

MEIJI RESTORATION 1868 Rebellion brought in reformers Reinstated the emperor and began to transform Japan from a Feudal society with pre-machine age technology to an industrial power Adopted aspects of the British model Launched a systematic study of the industrialized world Focus was on industrialization and education system

EXPANSIONIST JAPAN TAIWAN1895 KOREA1910 PACIFIC ISLANDSPOST W.W.I MANCHURIA1931 CHINA1937 HONG KONG1939 SOUTHEAST ASIA1941

JAPAN’S POST WWII TRANSFORMATION 1945 –1952: Allied Occupation – Economic reshaping – Labor legislation – Constitution – Civil rights – Land reform – U.S. “Helping hand” policy

DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS LIFE EXPECTANCY - 2nd (22nd) INFANT MORTALITY - 1st (29th) GNP PER CAPITA - 3rd (6th) LITERACY RATE - 9th (6th) EDUCATIONAL RANK - 15th (2nd) HUMAN DEVELOPMENT - 3rd (2nd) –JAPAN VS (UNITED STATES)

POPULATION COMPARISONS MILLION S

INDIAJAPAN AGE MALEFEMALEMALEFEMALE Percent of Population POPULATION PROFILES

JAPAN’S AGE DISTRIBUTION AGE GROUP PERCENTAGE OF THE POPULATION 0-14 Years 18.4%14.9% Years15.4%11.6% Years54.5%49.6% 65+ Years11.7%23.9% ______________________________________________________ 100%100% SOURCE: UNITED NATIONS WORLD POPULATION PROSPECTS 1990 (NEW YORK: UNITED NATIONS, 1991)

DECLINING JAPANESE POPULATION Total fertility rates

DECLINING JAPANESE POPULATION Population:127.2 million Birth rate: 9 births/1,000 Death rate:8 deaths/1,000 Growth rate:0.1% Doubling time:462 years Net migration rate:-0.34 migrants per 1,000 people

KOREA

The size of “Idaho” but with a population of 74 million Turbulent political history: –A dependency of China –A colony of Japan’s –Divided along the 38 th parallel by Allied Powers > WWII (1945) –Cease-fire line established in1953

NORTH-SOUTH CONTRASTS NORTH KOREA –55% of the land, 1/3 of the population, extremely rural –Antiquated state enterprises –Inefficient, non-productive agriculture –Limited trade – former Soviet Union and China SOUTH KOREA –45% of the land, 2/3s of the population, highly urbanized –Modern factories –Intensive, increasingly mechanized agriculture –Extensive trade – US, Japan, and Western Europe

THE KOREAS POPULATION 23,700,00050,200,000 GNP (BILLIONS)$ 21.3$ GNP/CAPITA $ 920$ 8,600 AGRICULTURERESTRICTIVEGOOD –(as % of GNP) 25 % 8 % –(% work force) 36 % 21 %

LAND USE PATTERNS RUGGED MOUNTAINS INDUSTRIAL AREA MAIN RICE PRODUCING SECONDARY RICE PRODUCING FREE TRADE ZONE

SEOUL Capital of Korea (late 1300s - early 1900s) 9.9 million people Located in the northwest corner of South Korea – just south of the DMZ The urban-industrial center! –Textiles, clothing, footwear, electronic goods Vulnerabilities?

SEOUL

TAIWAN

Historical background : –A Chinese province for centuries –Colonized by Japan in 1895 –Returned to China > WWII –1949 – Chinese Nationalists (supported by the US) fled from the mainland and established the Republic of China (ROC) Territory - approximately 14,000 Square miles Population – 23.7 million 77% urbanized

FOUR ECONOMIC TIGERS “TIGER” Former State Date of Split SINGAPORE MALAYSIA 1965 HONG KONG CHINA 1841 TAIWAN CHINA 1949 SOUTH KOREA KOREA1952

THE FOUR TIGERS (ISSUES AND CONCERNS) Vulnerability to Global Market Fluctuations Land Use Competition Urban Problems Environmental Degradation Political Questions Post Industrial Economy

EAST ASIA III (CHAPTER 9: )