Enterprise: Animal Science Unit: Animals as organisms Factor Information needed A.Understanding the differences and similarities between animals is important to successfully raising them. I. Intro II. Anatomy A.The appearance of animals is anatomy. Needed for: 1. communication with others 2. understanding of physiology

A.The study of function is physiology. B.Understanding body systems are a practical use of physiology. 1.The main systems include: a. Muscular- used for movement b. Skeletal- provides framework and protection III. Physiology

c. Digestive system- vary in each species, understanding them is critical to success as a producer. 1.) Monogastric animals must eat more concentrated feed (grains). Horses have a cecum which help with grass digestion. 2.) Avian digestive systems use a crop and gizzard to help them break down feed (no teeth)

3.) Ruminant- multi-compartment stomach (cows, sheep, deer, etc.) a. have no upper front teeth b. large amounts of saliva c. chew cud (regurgitate and re-chew) d. stomach compartments include: reticulum sorts off indigestible material and sorts material for cud chewing. rumen- material is stored, soaked, and fermented. omasum grinds roughages. abomasum- functions like a normal stomach.

d. Respiratory system- governs gas exchange in the body. (lungs, bronchial tube, trachea) e. Circulatory system- nutrients, Oxygen, and metabolic wastes are moved. (blood, heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins)

f. Excretory system- gets rid of waste. g. Lymphatic system- protects the body from disease. Works with the circulatory system. h. Nervous system- coordinates body. i. Endocrine system- secretes hormones to regulate. j. Sensory system-vision, smell, touch, taste, & hearing k. Integumentary system- skin, feathers. l. Reproductive system- produce offspring.