1. Digestion “From Food to Feces”
How would you digest that?
Mmmmm….

2. Digestive Systems Monogastric Ruminant Modified Monogastric
Simple Stomach
Man, Pig
Ruminant
Complex Stomach
Cattle, Sheep, Goats
Modified Monogastric
Simple Stomach with enlarged cecum
Horses, Rabbits, Guinea Pigs

4. Monogastric Included in humans and pigs
Characterized by one stomach with one compartment
Due to this one stomach, feedstuffs must be in the form of grains as they are easier to digest

5. Monogastric Comprised of: Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine
Cecum
Large Intestine
Rectum

6. Monogastric Mouth Where food enters the digestive tract
My teeth are amazingly strong. Did you know chewing is also called MASTICATION?
Mouth
Where food enters the digestive tract
Teeth chew to break down food
Enzymatic breakdown of starch begins
Saliva is an enzyme which breaks down starch
The tongue helps move food around and push it to the next part of the digestive system

7. Monogastric Mouth

8. Monogastric Esophagus
Tube which carries food from the mouth to the stomach
Pushes with a series of muscle contractions called PERISTALSIS.

9. Monogastric Stomach Chamber where chemicals are added to the food
Cells secrete hydrochloric acid and enzymes
These help break down food into basic carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Some smaller particles are absorbed into the blood stream through the stomach wall

10. Monogastric Stomach

11. Monogastric Small Intestine Complex tube which lies in a spiral
Absorbs nutrients!
Cells produce enzymes to help break down food further

12. Monogastric Cecum Known as the “blind gut”
Located between the small and large intestines
Has little function in the monogastric digestive system

13. Monogastric Large Intestine
Shorter than the small intestine, but larger in diameter
Main function is the absorption of water
Mucous is added to the matter to make it easier to pass through the rest of the system

14. Monogastric Rectum The terminal portion of the large intestine
Leads to the anus where the remaining wastes are passed outside of the body

15. Monogastric Cecum and Large Intestine

16. How well do you remember?
Liver & Gallbladder
Small Intestine
Stomach
Salivary Glands
Cecum
Teeth
Anus
Large Intestine
Tongue
Esophagus
Pyloric Valve
Pancreas

17. Ruminant (Polygastric)
Found in goats, sheep, cattle, deer, camels, giraffes, llamas and more
Characterized by one stomach with four compartments
Used for the digestion of mass quantities of roughages
Hay and grasses

18. Ruminant Comprised of: Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Cecum
Rumen
Reticulum
Abomasum
Omasum
Small Intestine
Cecum
Large Intestine
Rectum

19. Ruminant Mouth Functions the same as in monogastrics except:
What’s up…I’m chewing my Cud…Sometimes I chew over 100 times before swallowing!
Mouth
Functions the same as in monogastrics except:
Ruminants regurgitate their food and re-chew it
A cow makes between 40,000-60,000 jaw movements a day chewing

20. Ruminant Esophagus Same as in a monogastric except:
Cardiac valve allows animal to regurgitate feed stuffs to be chewed repeatedly

21. Ruminant What is so grand about regurgitating food?
Would you like to eat this?
If you did eat this, how efficiently would your body break it down?
Your monogastric system was not made to breakdown feed such as this!!!

22. Ruminant Stomach Compartment 1. Rumen Acts as a large fermentation vat
Movement of the rumen mixes the contents of the stomach
Stirs it up to more easily find large particles that need to be regurgitated and re-chewed
Can be as big as a 50 gallon drum in a large cow!!!

23. Ruminant Stomach Compartment 2. Reticulum
May be considered an extra piece of the rumen
Has a large honey comb shape
Site of hardware collection
Hardware disease
Animal will inject metal in the feed. It will collect here
Magnets can help keep it from going further

24. Ruminant Stomach Compartment 3. Omasum
Primarily aids in the absorption of water
Numerous folds help trap digestive particles to increase the time they stay in the omasum for absorption

25. Ruminant Stomach Compartment 4. Abomasum Considered the “true stomach”
Has the same functions of the monogastric stomach
Hydrochloric acid helps with the break down of feedstuffs

26. Ruminant Stomach
Small Intestine

27. Ruminant
The small intestine, cecum, and large intestine have the same functions as the monogastric digestive system

28. Modified Monogastric Comprised of:
Everything in the monogastric except:
The cecum is much larger and plays an important role in the digestive process as it is modified
Makes up %16 of horses total digestive anatomy

29. Modified Monogastric Cecum
Acts as a large fermentation vat where large amounts of roughages can be broken down more easily
Found in horses and rabbits.
“I have a really large cecum so that I can digest all my food properly!”