Chapters 5 & 6 Industry and Becoming a World Power
Key Terms and People Policy- a settled plan or procedure Traditional- dealing with inherited customs Chisholm Trail- major cattle trail from San Antonio, TX to Kansas
Dawes Act broke up some reservations and divided land among individuals, often sold best land and gave rest to Native Americans who couldn’t afford farming supplies
Battle of Little Bighorn to stop raids on settlers in Sioux territory government ordered all Sioux to leave. Instead, led by Sitting Bull thousands of Native Americans gathered near Little Bighorn River and attacked General Custer and his men. Marked last victory for Indians
Homestead Act- Allowed any head of household over 21 to claim 160 acres of land, build a home, make improvements and farm land – would own in 5 years
Wounded Knee Massacre Army captured some of Sitting Bull’s supporters and brought them to the camp at Wounded Knee. When Indians refused to hand over rifles, fighting broke out and machine gun fire of officers killed 300 Sioux men, women and children.
Sand Creek Massacre US army persuaded group of Cheyenne to stop raiding farms and to return to their reservation peacefully, but then army attacked killing 150 people and burned the camp (questions)
Social Darwinism- Survival of the fittest. The strongest members adapt to the environment while weaker ones gradually die out in a process called natural selection – this applied to society as well.
Capitalism- “free enterprise”, privately owned businesses Entrepreneur- risk takers who started new business ventures Sherman Anti-trust Act- made it illegal to form trusts that interfered with free trade, failed because government prosecuted few businesses
Labor- workers considered as a group Laissez-faire- leave alone, companies operated without government interference (questions)
Tenements- rundown apartment buildings within walking distance from factories and ports, unhealthy living conditions
Settlement House 1883 London reformers founded a place where volunteers offered immigrants services such as English language and job training courses. The first in America was Hull House in Chicago. Most volunteers were college educated women.
Social Gospel- the idea that faith should be expressed through good works. These people believed churches had a moral duty to help solve social problems.
Jim Crow Laws- to create and enforce segregation in public places. Tennessee in 1881: separate rail cars for whites and blacks Lynching- murder of an individual- by hanging- by group or mob
Populist Party “People’s Party”- coalition of Farmers Alliance members, farmers, labor leaders and reformers. Influenced later politicians, called for bank regulations, government ownership of railroads and unlimited coinage of silver (gold standard had hurt farmers). (questions)
Jacob Riis- How the Other Half Lives, photos of desperate poverty Progressivism- addressed social reform
Muckrakers- exposed filth in society Ida Tarbell- Wrote report condemning the business practices of the Standard Oil Company (questions)