1. Chapter 8 Test Review The South and West Transformed 1865-1900

2. People, Places & Things cash crop
a crop grown not for its own use but to be sold
Farmers’ Alliance
Civil Rights Act of 1875
legislation that gave black citizens the right to ride trains and use other public facilities
Reservation
a specific area set aside by the U.S. government for the use of Indians

3. People, Places & Things vigilante a self-appointed enforcer of the law
Transcontinental railroad
a rail link between the East and the West
land grant
open range
a system by which branded cattle were allowed to graze freely on unfenced property
Homestead Act
legislation that provided farm plots for people willing to live on and develop the land for five years

4. People, Places & Things Sitting Bull
Sioux Chief respected as a fighter and spiritual leader
Little Big Horn
the site of a victory by Indians led by Crazy Horse over 250 U.S. soldiers led by General George Custer
Chief Joseph
Wounded Knee
the site where over 100 fleeing Indians were killed by U.S. troops
assimilate
to absorb into the culture of a population or group

5. People, Places & Things Dawes General Allotment Act
Sand Creek Massacre
Exodusters

6. Main Ideas
What crops did southern farmers mainly grow during Reconstruction?
Tobacco and cotton
How did white settlement of the West change the lives of Native Americans?
It forced them from their lands and traditional ways of life
What was the Native Americans’ situation at the end of the Indian Wars?
They were forced to move west or north or to live on reservations.
Beginning in the mid-1800s, why did large numbers of people move out West?
to strike it rich by finding gold or silver.

7. Main Ideas
If federal amendments protected African American rights, why did they still experience inequality such as segregation and limited ability to vote?
because the Supreme Court allowed local and state courts to make laws for each local area
What was the purpose of the Farmer’s Alliance?
to negotiate lower prices for supplies
How did new railroads benefit western cattle ranchers?
provided a way to transport meat to eastern markets
What was life like for a typical Homesteader?
lonely, difficult, harsh