Chapter 6 Psycholinguistic aspects of interlanguange By: nuha fitriyah niken parahita komala putri wardaningsih

What is psycholinguistics? Psycholinguistics is the study of the mental structures and processes involved in the acquisition and use of language 1. language transfer 2. the role of consciousness 3. processing operations 4. communication strategies

Language transfer The term language transfer is used to describe what occurs when people who are in the process of learning a new language transfer the applications from their native language, or their first language, to the new language. No matter how many fearures L1 transfer, the ability in using L1 is still there

Negative transfer (interference) Negative transfer occurs when speakers and writers transfer items and structures that are not the same in both languages Positive transfer When the relevant unit or structure of both languages is the same, linguistic interference can result in correct language production called positive transfer (when there are similarities between L1 and L2)

Avoidance learners tries to avoid strange or complicated features of second language Overuse it may be influenced by first language features

Contrastive analysis (CA) analytical comparison/contrast between two languages in order to find out their similarities and differences Assumption: similarities will facilitate learning while differences will hinder learning Error analysis (EA) the analysis of students’ errors in learning second language in order to find out the reasons/causes of the errors

Restructuring continuum continuum along which the learner tries to reconsruct his/her interlanguage which is influenced by first language and second language

The role of consciousness Are we conscious when learning a new language? Two opposing opinions about language learning (LL): intentional learning (explicit learning) learner explicity (consciously) learns the rules of second language in order to master it incidental learning (implicit learning) learner subconsciously learns second language by practice

Learner notice At any stage of second language learning, the students practically notice the features of second language. There are a lot of efforts for first language learners in learning his/her first language

The processing operations Operating principles, are: 1. avoid interruption 2. rearrangement of second language features 3. avoid exceptions

Communication strategies Avoiding stategy Substitution/replacement Borrowing Paraphrase Keep quiet

Types of computational models serial model: learn second language feature one at one time parallel model: learn second language features simultaneously at the same time

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