E GYPT - A NCIENT E GYPT V IDEO — H ISTORY. COM A NCIENT E GYPT V IDEO — H ISTORY. COM SSWH1 The student will analyze the origins, structure, and interactions of complex societies in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean from 3500 BCE – 500 BCE B. Describe the relationship of religion and political authority in Ancient Egypt. E. Explain the development and importance of writing; include cuneiform, hieroglyphics, and the Phoenician alphabet.

E GYPTIAN G EOGRAPHY Nile River – longest river in world. Relied on annual flooding to grow crops = Ancient Calendar Nile Delta- fertile triangular shaped land located near Mediterranean sea. Deserts- The Sahara (world’s largest) and Western Deserts

E GYPTIAN L IFE Pharaoh Priests, government officials, army commanders Merchants, artisans Slaves

P HARAOHS God-kings Theocracy – government is based on religious authority Ancient Egypt Video — History.com

M UMMIFICATION – E MBALMING AND DRYING THE CORPSE TO PREVENT IF FROM DECAYING A NCIENT E GYPT V IDEO — H ISTORY. COM A NCIENT E GYPT V IDEO — H ISTORY. COM Belief in afterlife Mummification

R ELIGION Polytheistic Ra – sun god Osiris – god of the dead Horus – pharaoh Amun – god of creation Akhenaten ( BCE) – monotheism w/ Ra as only god

W RITING Hieroglyphics: Egyptian pictograph writing Scribe : person who wrote things down Papyrus : plant used to make paper-like material

G OVERNMENT Unified kingdom from 3000 BCE to 2180 BCE – Old Kingdom (most pyramids built during this time) 2040 BCE – 1640 BCE Middle Kingdom 1570 BCE – 1075 BCE New Kingdom Controlled by outsiders – Kush, Assyrians