1. Chapter 3 Ancient River Valley Civilizations Introduction and Egyptian Civilization VOCABULARY WORDS

2. 1)Civilization- 2)Specialization- An agreement made within a group, members choose a certain activity/job and become skilled in ONLY that activity/job 3)Pictograms- Symbol for a word or phrase 4)Religion- 5) Artisan- skilled worker

3. 6) Nile River- Main River of Egypt that was the source of life 7)Irrigation- Supplying dry land with water by digging ditches that connect the farm to the river 8)Egyptian Delta Region – Triangular-shaped area of marshy flatland where the Nile River met the Mediterranean Sea that provided fertile silt deposits 9) Silt- Fine sand, clay or other material carried by running water 10) Cataracts- Rapids and waterfalls that serve as a natural barrier between civilizations

4. 11) Monotheistic- Belief in one God 12)Polytheistic- Belief in many Gods 13)Mummification – Religious ceremony that preserved the corpse to prevent it from decaying in order to prepare the body for the afterlife 14)Dynasty- Ruling family that lasts numerous generations 15)Scribes- Record Keepers

5. 16)Hieroglyphics- Form of writing that uses pictures and symbols 17) Pharaoh- A ruler in Ancient Egypt that was considered a God as well a political and military leader 18) Theocracy- A system of government where religious officials hold a significant amount of power 19)Old Kingdom- 1 st major period of Ancient Egyptian history considered the “Pyramid Age” 20)Middle Kingdom – 2 nd major period of Ancient Egyptian history considered the “Rise of the Empire “

6. 21)New Kingdom- 3 rd Major Period of Ancient Egyptian history that is considered “the Golden Age “ 22)Pyramids- Monumental Structures that served as tombs for the Old Kingdom Pharaohs 23)Caravans- Group of merchants that traveled together for safety 24)Amon-Re- “The Sun King” that was considered the Central God of Egyptian culture 25)Subsidence Farming- Farming that provides only enough food for basic needs