PUMPED-UP GRAMMAR! GEE, KIDS, IT’D BE JUST SUPER IF YOU WOULD USE WORDS CORRECTLY! Compound Sentences Complex Sentences Fragments and Run-Ons

GET YOUR PAPER READY:  Write #8 in the top right corner.  Write SENTENCES NOTES on the top middle.  PAY ATTENTION AND BE SURE TO ANSWER EACH QUESTION. WHEN YOU SEE A NUMBER, THAT MEANS YOU SHOULD BE WRITING!!

What is a sentence?  A subject and a verb (predicate)  Expresses a complete thought  Examples: Sally and Joe had a new baby. They moved into a bigger house.

COMPOUND SENTENCES:  TWO simple sentences can be COMBINED into a compound sentence:  Sally and Joe had a new baby, so they moved into a bigger house.  A compound sentence is two simple sentences joined by a comma and conjunction.

CONJUNCTIONS:  MOST COMMON: And But Or  OTHERS: Yet For So

Use a conjunction to join two simple sentences to make a compound sentence:  Soldiers stormed the field.  They shot their rifles.  Soldiers stormed the field, and they shot their rifles.

Use a conjunction to join two simple sentences to make a compound sentence:  Enemy troops had power.  They retreated.  Enemy troops had power, but they retreated.

Use a semicolon to join two simple sentences to make a compound sentence:  Canons were fired.  Enemy forces charged.  Canons were fired; enemy forces charged.

YOUR TURN – Make your own compound sentences. 1.No one claimed the book. We took it to lost and found. 2.The principal sat in the lunchroom. He ate pepperoni pizza. *Use a comma and conjunction or a semicolon.

COMPLEX SENTENCES:  Or TWO simple sentences can be COMBINED into a complex sentence:  Because Sally and Joe had a new baby, they moved into a bigger house. Dependent Clause Independent Clause Complex Sentence

AAAWWUBBIS:  After  Although  As  When  While  Until  Before  Because  If  Since

AAAWWUBBIS Examples:  After the bell rings, we should be in our seats.  Although I am tired, I still have to go to school.  As I walked down the hall, I saw my friends.  When I went to the water fountain, I tripped.  While sharpening my pencil, I broke it.  In every sentence above, there is an independent clause (that can stand on its own) and a dependent clause (that can’t).

AAAWWUBBIS Examples:  Until lunch time, we keep our drinks put up.  Before school starts, stay on the bus ramp.  Because teachers have meetings, you can’t go in the hall.  If there is time, you can go to the library.  Since my book is due, I need to return it.  In every sentence above, there is an independent clause (that can stand on its own) and a dependent clause (that can’t).

YOUR TURN - Make your own Complex Sentences: 3. Until he _________, we _________. 4. Because you _________, I _______. 5. If they ___________, it _________.

What is a fragment?  A fragment is a piece of a sentence.  A complete sentence expresses a complete thought, but a fragment on its own does not express a complete thought.

Examples of Fragments  A fear of the outside world. (no verb)  Dying to see the show. (no subject)  Because the dramatic rise in temperature killed the plants. (not a complete thought…starts with an AAAWWUBBIS word)

Find the fragment that is missing a verb: Johnny and Michael went to the beach on Friday. A lifeguard in his stand. They played in the water all day.

 How can we fix this fragment?  A lifeguard sat in his stand.

Find the fragment that is missing a subject: Laying on the beach. Michelle and Sarah were careful not to get a sunburn.

 How can we fix this fragment?  Add a subject (and a helping verb): The girls were laying on the beach.

 There is another way we can fix this fragment!  We can make a complex sentence:  Laying on the beach, Michelle and Sarah were careful not to get a sunburn.

 This sentence has an independent clause (part that can stand on its own) and a dependent clause (part that can’t stand on its own).

 There is a third way we can fix this fragment!  We can make a compound sentence:  Michelle and Sarah were laying on the beach, but they were careful not to get a sunburn.

 This sentence has two independent clauses (which can both stand on their own) and a conjunction (in between).

YOUR TURN – Fix the fragment: 6. Laying in bed. 7. While at my grandma’s. 8. The cheese on the counter. *Add words. Delete words. Whatever you need to do to make it correct.

What is a run-on sentence?  Two or more simple sentences run together.  One specific kind of run-on is a comma splice: two simple sentences joined by nothing but a comma.

THIS IS A RUN-ON:  Lucy the cat meowed all night I couldn’t sleep.  How can we fix this run-on?

Run-on example Lucy the cat meowed all night I couldn’t sleep.  Correct by adding a comma and conjunction: Lucy the cat meowed all night, so I couldn’t sleep.  Or by using a semicolon: Lucy the cat meowed all night; I couldn’t sleep.  Or by making two sentences: Lucy the cat meowed all night. I couldn’t sleep.

THIS IS A RUN-ON (comma splice)  I was cooking shrimp, Lucy tried to grab one.  How can we fix this run-on?

Comma splice example I was cooking shrimp, Lucy tried to grab one.  Correct by adding a conjunction: I was cooking shrimp, and Lucy tried to grab one.  Or by using a semicolon: I was cooking shrimp; Lucy tried to grab one.  Or by making two sentences: I was cooking shrimp. Lucy tried to grab one.

YOUR TURN – Fix the run-on: 9. My dog barked his leash was too tight. 10. No one voted they must not care. *You can fix the run-on by adding a comma and conjunction, using a semicolon, or making two sentences.

WHAT DO WE NEED TO DO WITH THIS PAPER?  Put it in your clips.  Add it to your assignment sheet: #8 Sentences Notes