1. Sentence Variety
The Basics

2. What is it?
Good writing offers the reader a mixture of sentence types and sentence constructions.
This is called sentence variety.

3. How do you do it?
First, you need to be sure that you can identify the basic sentence types (and some of the errors that often accompany these sentence types).

4. Type 1: This kind of sentence has only one subject and one verb.
The formal name of this sentence is…

5. A simple sentence-- I did my homework last night. has one subject.
has one verb.
There may (or may not) be other decoration in the sentence: objects, adjectives, adverbs, prepositional phrases, etc.
There can not be a subordinating conjunction in a simple sentence (after, when, although, etc.).

6. Important!
If you are missing the subject or if you are missing the verb, you have a fragment.
Fragments are common errors, especially in early drafts, because your brain is going faster than your hand.

7. Examples of fragments:
Wrote the sentence.
Listening to the ocean.
When I got there.
Because she wants to.
Learn to proofread your paper for fragments.

8. Type 2: A Compound Sentence --
is made of two independent clauses (it has two subjects and two verbs).
must always have a coordinating conjunction in the middle.
must always have a comma before the coordinating conjunction.

9. Coordinating Conjunctions
An easy way to remember these is FANBOYS (handout coming later):
F : for
A: and
N: nor
B: but
O: or
Y: yet
S: so

10. Examples: She only wrote one draft, yet she got an A.
He’s allergic to dogs, but he bought the puppy anyway.

11. Careful!
If you forget the coordinating conjunction, you have a comma splice.
OK: In this class, we will study reading, and we will study writing.
NOT OK (comma splice): In this class, we will study reading, we will study writing.

12. Type 3: A Complex Sentence
has two subjects and two verbs.
must have a subordinating conjunction.
is similar to a compound sentence in that is has two clauses. However, one is a dependent clause and one is an independent clause.

13. Subordinating Conjunctions? You know these… words like:
When
While
Before
After
As soon as If
Although
Since
Where
As long as As
As long as
So that
In order to
As if
Now that
Though
Unless
Until
Whenever

14. For example:
When I got to the classroom, I realized the students had left.
We went to the computer lab after we had met in the classroom.
If you proofread your paper, you will probably get a better grade.

15. When do I use the comma?
If your subordinating conjunction begins the sentence, use the comma between clauses.
(… notice the comma in that sentence…)
Why isn’t this a comma splice?

16. Don’t use the comma if the subordinating conjunction comes in the middle.

17. Another type of fragment…
If you use the dependent clause (we will study clauses) without the independent clause, you have a different kind of fragment.
You saw some of these earlier. We speak like this all the time, but you can’t write it!

18. Examples: If you want a good grade.
Because description helps the reader see what the writer is saying.
Although I like to read.

19. One more error…
… is the run-on sentence (our book calls this a fused sentence).
A run-on sentence has too many clauses together.
For now, your sentences should have a maximum of two subjects and two verbs.

20. For example: I studied a lot I took the test and I passed it.
It was on a Thursday I was sitting in the back of the room, in a seat next to my friend who was sleeping.

21. Back to sentence variety!
When you write, you want a mixture of simple, compound and complex sentences.
One sentence type alone becomes tedious and uninteresting for a reader.
Your job as a writer is to try to use all three types - and to learn how to correct these common mistakes!