Chapter 16 Environmental policy and regulation 16.1 The basic principle and feature of environmental policy 16.2 Environmental law 16.3 Environmental standard

16.1 The basic principle and feature of environmental policy The Definition of environmental policy ： The administrative, legal, economic and technical regulation which is made by governments in order to protect the environment and natural ecosystems Basic principle Basic principles Environment and economic,social harmonious and sustainable development Environmental liability principle Prevention first, integrating prevention with control and comprehensive improvement Environment democratic principles Other principles

Basic feature  Reinforce and adhere the leadership of Chinese Communist Party in environmental protection  Persist in taking economic construction as the center  Persist in seeking truth from facts  Other principles

The development of environmental policy 1972 Stockholm conference on human environment Beginning 1973 China conference on environmental protection define the “32”words policy of environmental protection Development carry on environmental protection work “three simultaneous system” the pollution-discharge fee system The assessment system of environmental impact Legal system 1978,constitutional law ： protect the environment and natural resources 1979 Issued Environmental Protection Law （ on trial ） Confirm the “32” words and” those who created pollution to clearing it up” policy legally

The development of environmental policy 1982 set up State Environmental Protection Administration 1983 The second conference on environmental protection Maturation Regulate the environmental protection as basic state policy strategic policy of three establishment, three simultaneous, three unification Law of the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution Law of the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution 1992 Approved Top 10 countermeasures on environment and development

Environmental policy system Environmental economic policy Environmental technology policy Environmental management policy Environmental industry policy Environmental trade policy Environmental social policy International environmental policy

16.2 Environmental law Definition:it is the conception of legal norms which is concerned about the use, protection, improvement in environment and prevent pollution and other hazards,and is an independent department in country legal system Adjustment scope Natural environment: atmosphere, water, land, forest, grassland, etc.; Artificial environment: canal, reservoirs, artificial trees, historical sites, urban and rural areas.

The emergence and development of the environmental law StageEnvironmental legislationObject and scope of prevention Characteristics After industrial revolution In the mid 19th century England ：《 law of the prevention and control of rivers 》 USA ：《 law of coal smoke 》《 law of the pollution and control of oil 》 Japan ：《 law of mining industry 》《 law of river 》 Atmosphere, waterRestrictive regulation and the use of treatment technology is less concerned the environmental management by national countries from the beginning of the 20th century to the 1960s, environmental hazards overflow USA ：《 law of water pollution control 》 《 clean air act 》《 law of disposal solid wastes 》 England ：《 clean atmosphere act 》 《 clean river act 》 《 noise control act 》《 law of comfortable living environment 》 the federal republic of germany,etc. The atmosphere, water, noise, solid waste, radioactive substances, pesticides, toxic chemicals Accelerate the pace of environmental legislation, extend the environmental protection to the industry, transportation, urban construction, water management and other departments After the1970sIn addition to promulgated specific regulations, many countries formulated environmental protection basic law From pollution prevention expand to the protection of the whole nature environment and natural resources environmental legislation is tend to be comprehensive,and formed independent department law ; conversion in legislation guiding theory; "ecological protection" idea in law

Green card:different mode of environmental law  European civil law: pollution prevention legislation and urban planning legislation  American model: the typical common law country;focused on summarization and analysis in the theory of environmental protection and nature protection movement from the precedents Japanese model: forcused on the research of the precedents about pollution and environment.

16.3 E nvironmental standard Content:it is the conception of various technical specifications and technical requirements which is approvaled by a recognized authority and published in a particular form,in order to protect the environmental quality, maintain ecological balance, and safeguard human health and the social wealth. Basic Properties  Standardization  Authority  Technicality

State environmental standard system National environmental standard system National environmental protection system Local environmental protection system National environmental protection industry standard National environmental quality standards The discharge standard of pollutants Standard of national environmental detection method State environmental standard and sample standard Basic standards of national environment Quality standards of local environmental The discharge standard of local pollutants

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