Population Unit 2 Copeland APHG

Population Geography Elements of Population Geography (focuses on spatial aspects of demography) Demography (study of population) Population Distribution Population Density Arithmetic Population Density Physiological Density Rate of Natural Increase (the excess of births of deaths – omitting migration) Growth Rate (Natural increase + Net Migration)

Why Study Population? As the proportion of older people in a country increases, the proportion of younger people decreases. Why is this a problem? fewer young workers paying for more pensions and medical expenses for older population, therefore less pension and medical benefits to go around.

Where are all the children? Travel to Europe, Japan or Canada and you will notice there are very few kids to be found. What causes this phenomena? Women in wealthier countries are having fewer children. Why? In many of these locations, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has dropped below 2.1. In order to keep a population stable over time, the women in a country must have a TFR of 2.1 or higher. The Total Fertility Rate reports the average number of children born to a woman of child-bearing age. The TFR highs and lows…Italy=0.8 Kenya=8.1 *highest ever

Population Terms Demography - the study of population characteristics Overpopulation- when the available resources cannot support the number of people Density - How many? The total number of people

Demography The study of human populations, particularly the size, distribution, and characteristics of members of population groups.

Distribution and Density

Population Growth 0 AD 250 Million People 1803 AD 1 Billion People

The World and the Top 10 World7,207, 861, 760TODAY 1/21/14 8:32AM China 1.3 billion India 1.2 billion United States 321 million Indonesia 251 million Brazil 201 million Pakistan 183 million Nigeria 176 million Bangladesh 157 million Russia 142 million Japan 127 million Next…Mexico 123 million

Population Distribution – Descriptions of locations on the Earth’s surface where individuals or groups (depending on the scale) live. Dot Map of World Population – On this map, one dot represents 100,000 people

Cartogram Countries are displayed by size of population rather than land area. Countries named have at least 50 million people.

World Population Clusters Two-thirds of the world’s population are concentrated in four regions: 1. East Asia (East China, Japan, S. Korea, Taiwan) - ¼ of world population here 2. South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh) - bound by the Himalayas and a desert in Pakistan 3. Europe - population is concentrated in cities 4. North America - megalopolis

Ecumene=inhabited earth The portion of the Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement Increased over time ¾ of world population lives on only 5% of the Earth’s surface

Population Distribution Densely populated regions Low lands Fertile soil Temperate climate Sparsely Populated Regions dry lands wet lands high lands cold lands