WANTED The Leaders of the Lord’s Resistance Army (c) 2008 ENOUGH/Center for American Progress, All Rights Reserved enoughproject.org The project to end genocide and crimes against humanity

The Lord’s Resistance Army, or LRA Conflict between LRA and Ugandan government is the longest-running civil war in Africa The LRA: a rebel force of less than 1,500, headed by Joseph Kony Small but ruthless: Abducts children Sexually enslaves girls Terrorizes communities Areas of northern Uganda affected by conflict at height of conflict in 2005 (UNICEF)

(c) 2008 ENOUGH/Center for American Progress, All Rights Reserved enoughproject.org The project to end genocide and crimes against humanity Joseph Kony: “Absolute Leader” Kony emerged as the head of the Lord’s Resistance Army, or LRA, in 1987Lord’s Resistance Army Kony is the absolute leader of the LRA and determines who lives and dies within the organization As the head of the LRA, he has a long and bloody record…

(c) 2008 ENOUGH/Center for American Progress, All Rights Reserved enoughproject.org The project to end genocide and crimes against humanity The LRA combines cult fanaticism with ruthless military efficiency Over the last 10 to 15 years, the LRA has abducted as many as 38,000 children (and 37,000 adults) and used them as soldiers, porters, and sex slaves Once abducted, children are indoctrinated and subjected to hard physical labour, long marches, disorientation, and frequent beatings Abduction by the LRA Samuel Opong, 15, a former child abductee of the LRA, Gulu, Uganda, 19 March 2004 (© IRIN)

(c) 2008 ENOUGH/Center for American Progress, All Rights Reserved enoughproject.org The project to end genocide and crimes against humanity Enslaving Girls Kony has had as many as 50 enslaved girls in his household at one time He controls all aspects of how girls are abducted and distributed to LRA commanders These girls are most frequently given as “wives” to men—often three times their age—as rewards for good military performance and to boost morale Jackline Apio was abducted by the LRA in 2002 (© Charles Akena/IRIN)

(c) 2008 ENOUGH/Center for American Progress, All Rights Reserved enoughproject.org The project to end genocide and crimes against humanity Khartoum’s Proxy For many years, LRA leader Kony received support – including weaponry, training grounds, and a variety of military supplies – from the Sudanese government in Khartoum Omar al-BashirOmar al-Bashir, the President of Sudan, is wanted by the International Criminal Court for war crimes and crimes against humanity related to the conflict in Darfur Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir (Flickr)

(c) 2008 ENOUGH/Center for American Progress, All Rights Reserved enoughproject.org The project to end genocide and crimes against humanity Terror Tactics In mid-2002 Joseph Kony ordered LRA forces to begin a campaign of attacks against civilians in northern Uganda LRA soldiers are notorious for maiming alleged collaborators with the Ugandan government by cutting off their hands, lips, noses, and ears During the LRA campaign in northern Uganda, these tactics were employed most frequently against the Acholi, Kony’s own people

(c) 2008 ENOUGH/Center for American Progress, All Rights Reserved enoughproject.org The project to end genocide and crimes against humanity Northern Uganda Displaced As the conflict worsened in the mid-1990s, the Ugandan government forcibly moved whole northern Ugandan communities into camps for internally displaced persons In 2003, Kony issued orders to kill, loot, and abduct civilians, specifically targeting the camps At the height of the conflict (from ), nearly two million people lived in these squalid camps Lagoro IDP camp in Kitgum District, northern Uganda, May 2007 (© Manoocher Deghati/IRIN)

(c) 2008 ENOUGH/Center for American Progress, All Rights Reserved enoughproject.org The project to end genocide and crimes against humanity Massacre at Barlonyo Camp The LRA attacked the Barlonyo internally displaced camp in Lira District on February 21, 2004 At least 300 people – and possibly many more – were shot, burned, and hacked to death Residents of Lira town during a demonstration to show solidarity and mourning of over 200 civilians killed on February 21 at Barlonyo camp(© Ali Mao/IRIN)

(c) 2008 ENOUGH/Center for American Progress, All Rights Reserved enoughproject.org The project to end genocide and crimes against humanity Conditions in the Camps In 2005, an estimated 1,000 people were dying each week in the camps because of rampant malnutrition, HIV/AIDS, malaria, and diarrheaan estimated 1,000 people were dying each week in the camps Half of those displaced remain in camps today due to fear of renewed attacks and a lack of basic services and infrastructure in their original home areas Women carrying cartons of oil at Oromi IDP camp, Kitgum District, northern Uganda, 18 May 2007 (© Manoocher Deghati/IRIN)

(c) 2008 ENOUGH/Center for American Progress, All Rights Reserved enoughproject.org The project to end genocide and crimes against humanity The International Criminal Court, or ICC, and the LRA December 2003: Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni refers the LRA to the Prosecutor of the ICC July 2005: Sealed arrest warrants for 5 LRA leaders issued by ICC Judges The International Criminal Court Building in The Hague

(c) 2008 ENOUGH/Center for American Progress, All Rights Reserved enoughproject.org The project to end genocide and crimes against humanity INDICTED: Joseph Kony, Chairman and Commander in Chief of the LRA Date of birth: April 1963 Place of Birth: Odek, Gulu District, Uganda Charges: 12 counts of crimes against humanity and 21 counts of war crimes Specific crimes include: Rape Murder Enslavement Sexual enslavement Forced enlisting of children Joseph Kony, Leader of the LRA

(c) 2008 ENOUGH/Center for American Progress, All Rights Reserved enoughproject.org The project to end genocide and crimes against humanity INDICTED: Okot Odhiambo, Deputy Army Commander Date of birth: unknown Place of birth: Palugala Village, Gulu District, Uganda Charges: 3 counts of crimes against humanity and 7 counts of war crimes Former LRA members have described him as: “Ruthless killer” “The one who killed the most” “A ‘bitter’ man who will kill anyone” Okot Odhiambo

(c) 2008 ENOUGH/Center for American Progress, All Rights Reserved enoughproject.org The project to end genocide and crimes against humanity INDICTED: Dominic Ongwen, Director of Operations Date of birth: unknown, believed to be in his early 30s Place of birth: Lamogi sub- county, Gulu District, Uganda Charges: 3 counts of crimes against humanity and 4 counts of war crimes The youngest person ever indicted by the ICC Abducted at the age of 10, Ongwen was an illiterate orphan who worked on a farm before being abducted

(c) 2008 ENOUGH/Center for American Progress, All Rights Reserved enoughproject.org The project to end genocide and crimes against humanity The Deceased Indictees Vincent Otti: Alleged Vice-Chairman and Second-in-Command of the LRA  Deceased November 3, 2007 (estimate) Deceased November 3, 2007  Rumored to have been executed under orders from Joseph Kony  At present, name remains on ICC warrant Raska Lukwiya: Alleged Deputy Commander Deceased August 6, 2006 Proceedings terminated by Court Vincent Otti (© Euan Denholm/IRIN)

(c) 2008 ENOUGH/Center for American Progress, All Rights Reserved enoughproject.org The project to end genocide and crimes against humanity From Uganda to Congo The LRA fled Uganda for northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2005 From their base in Garamba Park, the LRA marauded and pillaged throughout southern Sudan, eastern Congo, and the Central African Republic.

(c) 2008 ENOUGH/Center for American Progress, All Rights Reserved enoughproject.org The project to end genocide and crimes against humanity Failed Peace Talks The most recent effort at peace talks began in Many Ugandans, activists, and diplomats were hopeful that a deal might be struck Talks fell apart early in 2008, with Kony refusing to sign a proposed deal that his chief negotiators supported The Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) delegation before starting talks with the government of Uganda, Juba, southern Sudan (© Manoocher Deghati/IRIN)

(c) 2008 ENOUGH/Center for American Progress, All Rights Reserved enoughproject.org The project to end genocide and crimes against humanity A Regional Killing Machine From September 2008 through January 2009, at least 1,033 people have been killed and 476 children abducted in eastern Congoat least 1,033 people have been killed and 476 children abducted Given recent attacks in Congo and all of the recent killings by the LRA in southern Sudan, these figures are likely to be much higher Refugees from the DR Congo fleeing LRA rebel attacks wait to register with UNHCR officials in the village of Gangura in southern Sudan (© Peter Martell/IRIN)

(c) 2008 ENOUGH/Center for American Progress, All Rights Reserved enoughproject.org The project to end genocide and crimes against humanity The LRA: Still At Large The joint offensive by Uganda, Congo, and south Sudan against the LRA has captured only a small number of fighters The LRA is on the run, and preying upon civilians as it moves across central Africa Removing these key leaders from the battlefield is the answer to ending the war with the LRA for good TAKE ACTION: contribute to efforts to end the LRA’s campaign of violence and bring a lasting peace to the region by visiting the Enough Project websiteEnough Project website LEARN MORE: Read Enough’s latest policy recommendations on our websitelatest policy recommendations