United Nations Development Programme Bratislava Regional Centre – Europe & CIS UNDP Water Governance Strategy a follow-up to HDR-2006 “Beyond Scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis” Juerg Staudenmann RBEC E&E CoP Meeting – Sept 2007

The Global Water Crisis Key Observations “Global Water Crisis” means deprivation in access to water: –poverty, weak legal rights, and public policies limit access to the infrastructures that provide water for life and for livelihoods –Even lower political commitment to sanitation and hygiene: 2.6 billion people without access –1.8 million child deaths/year; 50% LDC peoples suffering water-related health problem at any given time –WSS deficits are far greater in rural than urban areas, affect poor far worse than rich people

Successfully tackling the water and sanitation crises could trigger next leap forward in human development YXR-squared HDI% access water (2004) HDI% access sanitation (2004) HDI% GDP Health (2003) HDI% GDP Education (2003) HDIElectricity use per capita (2003)

The Global Water Crisis Key Observations The neglect is ethically indefensible and economically short-sighted: –water investments have benefit/cost ratio averaging 8:1 Added dimension: climate change –could widely undo development gains - intensified water insecurity and vulnerability of poor countries and people to climate variability and extremes No sector has suffered a lack of global leadership more than water and sanitation – –need concerted global action to scale up access to sanitation & water for life and livelihoods

Water for Sustainable Human Development Water & sanitation access linked to the other MDGs; many cannot be achieved if water fails Water – poverty nexus: –Enhanced livelihood security –Reduced health risks –Reduced vulnerability –Pro-poor economic growth Ultimate shared resource – who gets it and how it is used is a matter of water governance Interdependence also transboundary – 90% of world population in countries with shared river basins Competing demands for water means the poor will lose out on all fronts unless we change and improve water governance

HDR 2006 helps re-focus international attention and catalyze concerted action Key HDR recommendation 1: Water for Life  Make water a human right – legislatively  National strategies for water and sanitation  Increase international aid - +$3-4 billion/year (ODA x2)  Global Action Plan

HDR serves to re-focus international attention and catalyze concerted action Key HDR recommendation 2: Water for Livelihoods Develop IWRM strategies (integrated into NDS & PRSPs) Put gender rights to water at center of development Strengthen water and land rights - Legal empowerment of the poor Integrate climate change adaptation into NDS & PRSPs Strengthen institutional capacity & financing at all levels – local, national, transboundary

UNDP’s Mission, Roles, and Responsibilities Sustainable Human Development MDG agenda Strengthen UN system-wide coordination Promote UN system-wide partnership strategies Advocacy and advice Development services Four development focus areas: –Poverty reduction and the MDGs –Democratic Governance –Crisis Prevention and Recovery –Environment and sustainable development Water is cross-cutting with links to all DFAs …

DFA Key Result Areas: Linkages to Water Poverty Reduction & MDGs Promoting inclusive growth Promoting inclusive growth Supporting MDG-based national development strategies Supporting MDG-based national development strategies Access to WSS and water resources assets main driver of poverty reduction and prerequisite to achieving most MDGs Mainstreaming of WSS & WRM into MDG-based nat’l development strategies rural/urban, rich/poor inequalities in access to water services Democratic Governance Fostering inclusive participation Fostering inclusive participation Strengthen responsive institutions Strengthen responsive institutions Water crisis is principally one of governance, not of scarcity Water crisis is principally one of governance, not of scarcity Inclusive participation in water resources management Inclusive participation in water resources management Strengthening water governance institutions and mechanisms Strengthening water governance institutions and mechanisms Integrating human rights & gender equality in water governance Integrating human rights & gender equality in water governance Water – Cross-cutting Linkages to UNDP Development Focus Areas

DFA Key Result Areas: Linkages to Water Crisis Prevention & Recovery Reducing the risk of crisis and systematic prevention of disaster Reducing the risk of crisis and systematic prevention of disaster Restoring the foundation for development after crisis Restoring the foundation for development after crisis Reducing water-related risks and crises (drought, floods, landslides, etc.) through integrated water resources management and CC adaptation Water governance & management entry point for conflict prevention at local and transboundary levels Environmen t & Sustainable Developme nt Mainstreaming environment: policy, institutional, fiscal measures Mainstreaming environment: policy, institutional, fiscal measures integrating IWRM into NDS, PRS(P)s Environmental finance Environmental finance market-based & other financial mechanisms for WSS, sustainable management of water resources and aquatic ecosystems (cost recovery, public-private partnerships) market-based & other financial mechanisms for WSS, sustainable management of water resources and aquatic ecosystems (cost recovery, public-private partnerships) Adapting to climate change Adapting to climate change measures to reduce/minimize water stress and scarcity of clean water resulting from climate change Expanding access to environment and energy services Expanding access to environment and energy services water supply and sanitation – capacity for service delivery, community-government partnerships water supply and sanitation – capacity for service delivery, community-government partnerships

UNDP’s Strategic Priorities for Water (globally)  National strategies for equitable management and governance of water  Integrated Water Resources Management  Water supply and sanitation  Local action on water and sanitation  Cooperation on Transboundary Waters  Adaptation to climate change  Global and regional advocacy & collaboration on water governance Cross cutting:  Capacity development  Gender equality  Human rights based approach

Coordination and Programme Support Coordination One UN coordinated approach (one-UN pilots, add’l countries) UNDAF support mainstreaming IWRM, WSS, in nds, PRS(P)s RCs raise profile of water crisis with governments Spain MDG Achievement fund UN Water – normative & coordination support Set agenda with key agency, IFIs, donor partners Facilitate Global Action Plan Global & regional advocacy on water governance (lead UN agency) Programme Support to mainstreaming IWRM, WSS in PRS(P)s, nds, (e.g. UNDP CPs, PEI, PEF, MDG Support Services) Water governance reform & IWRM strategies – local, nat’l, transboundary (incl. GEF IW, LD, Water Governance Facility) Community-based action to scale up WSS, local WRM (incl. SGP/CWI) Adaptation (GEF, other) Capacity building (e.g. CapNet) Mainstreaming human rights and gender (cross-practice with DGG/OGS) Conflict prevention (cross-practice with BCPR; SWP) Spain MDG fund (UNCT projects)

1. National strategies for equitable management and governance of water Country Offices/RCs Coordinate ‘One-UN’ consensus approaches to country level action & advocacy on water targets (UNDAF, joint programming) Raise water profile and support water governance reforms and WSS & IWRM strategies (incl. GEF-IW support to nat’l IWRM planning) Work with UN partners (incl. identifying lead) to establish national level WSS coordination groups Support mainstreaming of water supply, sanitation and WRM targets into MDG-based NDSs & PRS(P)s and budgets Strengthen HRBA approaches and assist interested countries with legal and economic governance reforms towards progressively making basic water supply a legal human right HQ/Regional Assist CO’s with technical assistance and access to good practice, e.g. on legislative and institutional reforms, integration of WSS & IWRM strategies in national development frameworks, capacity building, gender mainstreaming, Continue cross-practice initiative to advance application of the Human Rights Based Approach to water Continue development of GEF-financed global IWRM planning support programme involving 40+ countries (including all SIDS) Collaborate with RBx to articulate regional strategies for achievement of MDG water targets and strengthened support through Regional Programmes Further development and subsequent dissemination of capacity building and costing tools

2. Local action on water and sanitation Country Offices/RCs Coordinate ‘One-UN’ consensus approaches to support decentralization and local action on WSS & local WRM (incl. SGP/CWI) Support local water governance and management reforms (participatory institutional mechanisms, WUAs, sub-basin councils, transparency and accountability tools, etc.) Capacity building and gender mainstreaming for improved WSS service delivery and WRM on community level Implementing HRBA approaches at local level (e.g. SGP/CWI) HQ/Regional Assist CO’s with technical assistance and access to good practice Continue cross-practice initiative to advance application of the Human Rights Based Approach to water Further development and subsequent dissemination of capacity building tools and water governance tools

3. Cooperation on Transboundary Waters Country Offices/RCs Backstop IW Regional Technical Advisers in supervision of GEF transboundary waters management portfolio Support dialogue and raise profile of water as entry point for transboundary cooperation (Shared Waters Partnership)HQ/Regional Continue development of GEF-financed global IWRM planning support programme involving 40+ countries (including all SIDS) Support development and implementation of GEF transboundary waters management portfolio Further develop Shared Waters Partnership

4. Adaptation to climate change Country Offices/RCs Implement due-diligence procedures to reduce climate change risks in UN country programming (applying a standardised climate screening tool) Help governments to assess trade-offs across the components of the UN country programmes and to realign them so as to achieve the objectives of national development strategies. Integrate climate change risks into national planning processes, strategies, policies, measures and investment decisions Support measures to reduce/minimize water stress and scarcity of clean water resulting from climate change (ref. UNDP Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Adaptation) Support development of GEF Adaptation portfolio (Thematic area: Water Resources) HQ/Regional Guide, develop and manage the adaptation portfolio Further develop programming guidance tools Develop and implement capacity building tools on adaptation, Adaptation Learning Mechanism, and assessment of results and good practices

5. Global and regional advocacy & collaboration on water governance Continue global leadership role on water governance (e.g. WWDR) Continue advocacy of water-poverty relation, analysis and tools to promote evidence-based decision-making on pro-poor investments into water Support intergovernmental dialogue and processes on global water policy Use HDR as catalyst to lead advocacy for concerted action on WSS & WRM Support strengthening UN-Water normative, coordination and knowledge management functions to scale up UN system joint delivery Liaise with UN SG Advisory Board on Water & Sanitation on mechanisms to scale up global action Consider taking leadership role to facilitate GAP/Mechanism – –Dialogue with key partners and donors on Global Action Plan or Mechanism for scaled up action on water; explore options/mechanisms to scale up targeted donor support to WSS & WRM – –Prepare ‘Pledge for Delivery’ - World Bank Spring meeting 14 April 2007 – –Through UN-Water, provide inputs to UK-proposed Annual Report and High-level Meeting to monitor progress and decide actions toward achieving water and sanitation MDG targets – –Continue dialogue and follow-up through UN-Water on strategic guidance and coordinated follow-up on HDR recommendation

The Way Forward Scale up implementation through existing partnerships and programmes, such as Global Water Partnership, CapNet, Water Governance Facility, SGP/Community Water Initiative, Shared Waters Partnership Deepen specific UN agency partnerships for collaborative, complementary action and division of labor, e.g. – –UNEP: ecosystem sustainability, IWRM, poverty-environment links – –UNICEF: water supply, sanitation, and hygiene campaign; policy, decentralization, service delivery links – –Banks: infrastructure development – policy environment for access by the poor, national development strategy, PRS(P)s links – –UNECE: support implementation of regional conventions (Water Coinvention, Protocol on Water & Health) Refine UNDP regional strategies and programmes to strengthen water interventions in support of MDG targets Focus support on countries with largest water-MDG needs

The Way forward Parthership & Ressource Mobilization: UNDP is presently under-resourced for effective implementation of Water Governance Strategy and HDR follow-up UNDP-internal advocacy & measures: To effectively coordinate implementation of the Water Governance strategy on follow-up to HDR and accelerate water and sanitation MDGs, at a minimum UNDP needs to: – –Institutionalize HQ Water Governance Programme for global coordination and leadership – –Enhance and institutionalize Water Governance expertise and leadership in regions to support, advise and coordinate ‘One-UN’ country level approaches – –To achieve results requires dedicated long-term commitment

Situation in RBEC? Countries PROJECTED in business-as-usual scenario NOT to achieve the water supply or sanitation MDGs: Projected % achieve. Water / Sanitation MDG WSS Plan /..in PRSP /..in UNDAF UNICEF / UNEP / MDG-S country / Span MDG-F Status of IWRM Planning / planned UNDP support Armenia OK / n.d. Y / YN / NN Y /.. / N / N 1 / GEF-IWRM Azerbaijan 78.3 / n.d. Y / ?? / na Y /.. / N / N 3 / GEF-IWRM Kazakhstan OK / 83.1 Y / YY / YY N /.. / N / N 1 / exist. proj Kyrgyzstan 76.9 / 64.1 Y / YY / na N /.. / N / N 2 / new reg proj Tajikistan OK / n.d. Y / YY / na Y /.. / Y / N 2 / new reg proj Turkey 83.5 / 85.4 Y / YY / na N /.. / N / Y na (?) / N Turkmenistan OK / n.d. Y / NN / YN N /.. / N / N 2 / EUWI? Uzbekistan 79.3 / 89.9 Y / YY / na N /.. / N / N 2 / new nat proj

BRC taking the lead “Regionalization” of Global WatGov Strategy Promoting development of national strategies on Water Supply & Sanitation –Mainstreamed into National IWRM Planning –UNCT-coordination approach (?) –HRBA / “local action” ? New regional Programme on HRBA & Water Governance –Cross-practice (Human Rights) + colleagues from Oslo Governance Centre –Based on needs assessment (priority countries) –2007/08: Regional framework & “model approach” for national implementation / Resource Mobilization

BRC taking the lead (cont.) New (and existing) partnerships / donors –UNECE: Protocol on Water & Health (HRBA & WatGov) –EU Water Initiative (IWRM & WSS) –GWP as IWRM-partner (stakeholder plartforms) –Cap-Net network activities in RBEC –Stockholm Water Governance Facility / SIWI –Norway (& Finnland?) –UNEP/UNESCO ? –Local partners ? Continue Transboundary Waters portfolio Liaise with Adaptation to climate change (and others)

Thanks for your attention!

2007 RBEC Water-CoP 2007 RBEC Water-CoP (Almaty – 25/26 Oct 2007)

Back-to-back with joint UNECE-UNDP- OSCE workshop on “River Basin organizations” Highlights: National IWRM and Water & Sanitation Planning –CAR: Kazakh project knowledge capturing, 2 new projects (Uzb & Taj/Kyr), Turkmenistan initiative –South Caucasus: IWRM integration into Kura-Aras Update on new UNDP WatGov Strategy (global / regional) IT4KM (WaterWiki 2.0; collaboration with other networks; …) Cap-Net / GWP / Stockholm WatGov Facility EUWI and other donors (USAID, Norway, DFID, SDC)