1. United Nations Development Programme Bratislava Regional Centre – Europe & CIS The UNDP Water Governance Strategy A follow-up to the Human Development Report 2006 “Beyond Scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis” Juerg Staudenmann Water Governance Advisor Water-CoP Meeting (Almaty – 25-26 October 2007)

2. HDR 2006 Key Observations The “Global Water Crisis” means deprivation in access to water: Water for life and for livelihoods: –poverty, weak legal rights and public policies limit access to the infrastructure that provide it Even lower political commitment to sanitation and hygiene: –2.6 billion people without access –1.8 million child deaths/year Large disparities: WSS deficits –much larger in rural areas compared to urban, –affect poor far worse than rich people

3. Link WSS – Human Development Successfully tackling the WSS crises could trigger next leap forward in human development YXR-squared HDI% access water (2004)0.631406 HDI% access sanitation (2004)0.73256 HDI% GDP Health (2003)0.352122 HDI% GDP Education (2003)0.07682 HDIElectricity use per capita (2003)0.401594

4. The Global Water Crisis The neglect is ethically indefensible and economically short-sighted: –water investments have benefit/cost ratio averaging 8:1 Added dimension: climate change –could widely undo development gains - intensified water insecurity and vulnerability of poor countries and people to climate variability and extremes No sector has suffered a lack of global leadership more than water and sanitation – –need concerted global action to scale up access to sanitation & water for life and livelihoods

5. Water for Sustainable Human Development Water & sanitation access linked to the other MDGs; many cannot be achieved if water fails Water – poverty nexus: –Enhanced livelihood security –Reduced health risks –Reduced vulnerability –Pro-poor economic growth Ultimate shared resource – who gets it and how it is used is a matter of water governance Interdependence also transboundary – 90% of world population in countries with shared river basins Competing demands for water means the poor will lose out on all fronts unless we change and improve water governance

6. Key HDR 2006 recommendations: Water for Life Make water a human right – legislatively National strategies for water and sanitation Increase international aid (+ USD 3-4 billion/year = ODA x2) Global Action Plan  HDR 2006 serves to re-focus international attention and catalyze concerted action

7. Key HDR 2006 recommendations: Water for Livelihoods Develop IWRM strategies (integrated into NDS & PRSPs) Put gender rights to water at center of development Strengthen water and land rights - Legal empowerment of the poor Integrate climate change adaptation into NDS & PRSPs Strengthen institutional capacity & financing at all levels – local, national, transboundary  HDR serves to re-focus international attention and catalyze concerted action

8. UNDP’s Mission, Roles, and Responsibilities Sustainable Human Development and MDG agenda Strengthen UN system-wide coordination and promote UN system-wide partnership strategies Advocacy and advice, and concrete development services at national level Four development focus areas: –Poverty reduction and the MDGs –Democratic Governance –Crisis Prevention and Recovery –Environment and sustainable development  Water is cross-cutting with links to all !  Water is cross-cutting with links to all !

9. Dev. Focus Area Key Result Areas: Linkages to Water Poverty Reduction & MDGs Promoting inclusive growth Promoting inclusive growth Supporting MDG-based national development strategies Supporting MDG-based national development strategies Access to WSS and water resources assets as main drivers of poverty reduction and prerequisite to achieving almost all MDGs Mainstreaming of WSS & IWRM into MDG- based national development strategies Address rural/urban, rich/poor inequalities in access to water services Water Governance Cross-cutting linkages to UNDP Development Focus Areas

10. Dev. Focus Area Key Result Areas: Linkages to Water Democratic Governanc e Fostering inclusive participation Fostering inclusive participation Strengthen responsive institutions Strengthen responsive institutions Water crisis is principally one of governance, not of scarcity Inclusive participation in water resources management Strengthening water governance institutions and mechanisms Integrating human rights & gender equality in water governance Water Governance Cross-cutting linkages to UNDP Development Focus Areas

11. Dev. Focus Area Key Result Areas: Linkages to Water Crisis Prevention & Recovery Reducing the risk of crisis and systematic prevention of disaster Reducing the risk of crisis and systematic prevention of disaster Restoring the foundation for development after crisis Restoring the foundation for development after crisis Reducing water-related risks and crises (drought, floods, landslides, etc.) through integrated water resources management and CC adaptation Water governance & management as entry point for conflict prevention (at local and transboundary levels) Water Governance Cross-cutting linkages to UNDP Development Focus Areas

12. Dev. Focus Area Key Result Areas: Linkages to Water Environment & Sustainable Development Mainstreaming environment: policy, institutional, fiscal measures Mainstreaming environment: policy, institutional, fiscal measures Integrating IWRM into NDS / PRS(P)s Environmental Finance: Market-based & other financial mechanisms for WSS, sustainable management of water resources and aquatic ecosystems (cost recovery, public-private partnerships, incl. water quality aspects) Adapting to climate change (to reduce/minimize water stress and scarcity of clean water resulting from climate change) Expanding access to environment and energy services (WSS – capacity for service delivery, community-government partnerships Water Governance Cross-cutting linkages to UNDP Development Focus Areas

13.  Assist in developing national strategies for equitable management and governance of water –Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) –Access to water supply and sanitation (WSS)  Local action on water and sanitation  Cooperation on Transboundary Waters  Adaptation to climate change  Global and regional advocacy & collaboration on water governance Cross cutting: Capacity development Gender equality Human rights based approach UNDP’s Strategic Priorities for Water (globally)

14. Overarching Approaches for Coordination and Programme Support Coordination: “One UN” coordinated approach (Pilot countries, roll-out) Mainstreaming IWRM & WSS in UNDAF* process Regional UN Coordinators to raise profile of the water crisis with governments Spain MDG Achievement fund support UN Water – normative & coordination support Set agenda with key agencies, IFIs, donor partners Facilitate Global Action Plan Global & regional advocacy on water governance (UNDP as lead UN agency) * UNDAF = national UN Development Assistant Framework

15. Overarching Approaches for Coordination and Programme Support (cont.) Programme Support: Support to mainstreaming IWRM, WSS in PRS(P)s, national dev. plans (e.g. UNDP CPs, PEI, PEF, MDG Support Services) Water governance reform & IWRM strategies – local, nat’l, transboundary (incl. GEF IW, LD, Water Governance Facility) Community-based action to scale up WSS, local WRM (incl. Small Grants Programme) Adaptation (GEF, other sources?) Capacity building (CapNet and others) Mainstreaming human rights and gender Conflict prevention Spain MDG fund (UNCT projects)

16. 1. National strategies for equitable management and governance of water Country Offices/RCs Coordinate ‘One-UN’ consensus approaches to country level action & advocacy on water targets (UNDAF, joint programming) Raise water profile and support water governance reforms and WSS & IWRM strategies (incl. GEF-IW support to nat’l IWRM planning) Work with UN partners (incl. identifying lead) to establish national level WSS coordination groups Support mainstreaming of water supply, sanitation and WRM targets into MDG-based NDSs & PRS(P)s and budgets Strengthen HRBA approaches and assist interested countries with legal and economic governance reforms towards progressively making basic water supply a legal human right HQ/Regional Assist CO’s with technical assistance and access to good practice, e.g. on legislative and institutional reforms, integration of WSS & IWRM strategies in national development frameworks, capacity building, gender mainstreaming, Continue cross-practice initiative to advance application of the Human Rights Based Approach to water Continue development of GEF-financed global IWRM planning support programme involving 40+ countries (including all SIDS) Collaborate with RBx to articulate regional strategies for achievement of MDG water targets and strengthened support through Regional Programmes Further development and subsequent dissemination of capacity building and costing tools

17. 2. Local action on water and sanitation Country Offices/RCs Coordinate ‘One-UN’ consensus approaches to support decentralization and local action on WSS & local WRM (incl. SGP/CWI) Support local water governance and management reforms (participatory institutional mechanisms, WUAs, sub-basin councils, transparency and accountability tools, etc.) Capacity building and gender mainstreaming for improved WSS service delivery and WRM on community level Implementing HRBA approaches at local level (e.g. SGP/CWI) HQ/Regional Assist CO’s with technical assistance and access to good practice Continue cross-practice initiative to advance application of the Human Rights Based Approach to water Further development and subsequent dissemination of capacity building tools and water governance tools

18. 3. Cooperation on Transboundary Waters Country Offices/RCs Backstop IW Regional Technical Advisers in supervision of GEF transboundary waters management portfolio Support dialogue and raise profile of water as entry point for transboundary cooperation (Shared Waters Partnership)HQ/Regional Continue development of GEF-financed global IWRM planning support programme involving 40+ countries (including all SIDS) Support development and implementation of GEF transboundary waters management portfolio Further develop Shared Waters Partnership

19. 4. Adaptation to climate change Country Offices/RCs Implement due-diligence procedures to reduce climate change risks in UN country programming (applying a standardised climate screening tool) Help governments to assess trade-offs across the components of the UN country programmes and to realign them so as to achieve the objectives of national development strategies. Integrate climate change risks into national planning processes, strategies, policies, measures and investment decisions Support measures to reduce/minimize water stress and scarcity of clean water resulting from climate change (ref. UNDP Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Adaptation) Support development of GEF Adaptation portfolio (Thematic area: Water Resources) HQ/Regional Guide, develop and manage the adaptation portfolio Further develop programming guidance tools Develop and implement capacity building tools on adaptation, Adaptation Learning Mechanism, and assessment of results and good practices

20. 5. Global and regional advocacy & collaboration on water governance Continue global leadership role on water governance (e.g. WWDR) Continue advocacy of water-poverty relation, analysis and tools to promote evidence-based decision-making on pro-poor investments into water Support intergovernmental dialogue and processes on global water policy Use HDR as catalyst to lead advocacy for concerted action on WSS & WRM Support strengthening UN-Water normative, coordination and knowledge management functions to scale up UN system joint delivery Liaise with UN SG Advisory Board on Water & Sanitation on mechanisms to scale up global action Consider taking leadership role to facilitate GAP/Mechanism – –Dialogue with key partners and donors on Global Action Plan or Mechanism for scaled up action on water; explore options/mechanisms to scale up targeted donor support to WSS & WRM – –Prepare ‘Pledge for Delivery’ - World Bank Spring meeting 14 April 2007 – –Through UN-Water, provide inputs to UK-proposed Annual Report and High-level Meeting to monitor progress and decide actions toward achieving water and sanitation MDG targets – –Continue dialogue and follow-up through UN-Water on strategic guidance and coordinated follow-up on HDR recommendation

21. The Way Forward Refine UNDP regional strategies and programmes to strengthen water interventions in support of MDG targets Focus support on countries with largest water- MDG needs Scale up implementation through existing partnerships and programmes, such as – –Global Water Partnership, – –CapNet, – –Water Governance Facility, – –SGP/Community Water Initiative/Shared Waters Partnership – –UNDP-Coke Partnership “Every Drop Matters”

22. The Way Forward (cont.) Deepen UN agency and “allies” partnerships for collaborative, complementary action and division of labor, e.g. – –UNECE: advise and support for implementation of regional conventions (Water Coinvention, Protocol on Water & Health) – –UNEP: ecosystem sustainability, IWRM, poverty- environment links – –UNICEF: water supply, sanitation, and hygiene campaign; policy, decentralization, service delivery links v – –OECD: Economic & WSS Financing Feasibility Studies – –Banks: infrastructure development – policy environment for access by the poor, national development strategy, PRS(P)s links

23. The Way Forward (cont.) Parthership & Ressource Mobilization:  UNDP is presently under-resourced for effective implementation of Water Governance Strategy and HDR follow-up UN(DP)-internal advocacy & measures: – –Enhance Global Water Governance Programme – –Strengthen regional expertise, coordination and leadership capacity – –Support, advise and coordinate ‘One-UN’ country level approaches – –Secure dedicated long-term commitment

24. Situation in RBEC? Countries PROJECTED in business-as-usual scenario NOT to achieve the water supply or sanitation MDGs (work in progress): Countries PROJECTED in business-as-usual scenario NOT to achieve the water supply or sanitation MDGs (work in progress): Projected % achieve. Water / Sanitation MDG WSS Plan /..in PRSP /..in UNDAF UNICEF / UNEP / MDG-S country / Span MDG-F Status of IWRM Planning / planned UNDP support Armenia OK / n.d. Y / YN / NN Y /.. / N / N 1 / GEF-IWRM Azerbaijan 78.3 / n.d. Y / ?? / na Y /.. / N / N 3 / GEF-IWRM Kazakhstan OK / 83.1 Y / YY / YY N /.. / N / N 1 / exist. proj Kyrgyzstan 76.9 / 64.1 Y / YY / na N /.. / N / N 2 / new reg proj Tajikistan OK / n.d. Y / YY / na Y /.. / Y / N 2 / new reg proj Turkey 83.5 / 85.4 Y / YY / na N /.. / N / Y na (?) / N Turkmenistan OK / n.d. Y / NN / YN N /.. / N / N 2 / EUWI? Uzbekistan 79.3 / 89.9 Y / YY / na N /.. / N / N 2 / new nat proj

25. UNDP Bratislava Regional Centre: taking the lead “Regionalization” of Global WatGov Strategy –Continue Transboundary Waters portfolio –Take on board “Adaptation to climate change” –Promoting and supporting development of national strategies on Water Supply & Sanitation Mainstreamed into National IWRM Planning UN regional and UNCT-coordination approach HRBA and “action focus on local level” New regional Programme on HRBA & Water Governance –Based on Protocol on Water & Health, needs assessment (priority countries) and other regional frameworks and foundations –Aim at government support for national WSS strategies –Regional framework & national “model approach” for concrete projects at national an local level

26. UNDP Bratislava Regional Centre: taking the lead (cont.) Knowledge Management: WaterWiki (http://WaterWiki.undp.sk) http://WaterWiki.undp.sk –Maintain knowledge map and on-line collaboration tool as tool for the regional CoP –Amend & integrate new features (rating & vetting, who-is-who, better navigation, “my Wiki”, and much more…) –Test linkage with new (“web 2.0”) technologies: SKYPE, Facebook, blogs,... –Strategic Partnerships and dynamic web- linking: UNECE River Basin Assessment 2, EC Guideline on Water, etc.

27. Strategic partnerships & resource mobilization –UNECE: Protocol on Water & Health (HRBA & WatGov) –EU Water Initiative (IWRM & WSS) –OECD: WSS infrastructure feasibility study –Cap-Net / GWP (capacity building, networking, stakeholder platforms) –UNDP’s Stockholm Water Governance Facility / SIWI (expertise & support) –(Potential) bilateral partners (Norway, Finland, Switzerland,..) –OSCE/UNEP/REC/UNECE (ENVSEC) –UNESCO/UNICEF/…? –Local partners UNDP Bratislava Regional Centre: taking the lead (cont.)

28. United Nations Development Programme Bratislava Regional Centre – Europe & CIS Thank you! http://europeandcis.undp.org/environmen t http://europeandcis.undp.org/environmen t http://WaterWiki.undp.sk