Beginning of Civilization Analyzing the origin of Man Day I

What was early man like? Take out your KWL Chart Using the KWL Write what you know about pre-historic man What I Know about early man What I Learned About early man What I’d Like to find out

Introduction The earliest civilizations shared many common features. The most significant of these was that they grew out of farming settlements in river valleys. The four early river valley civilizations rose in Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq), Egypt, the Indus River Valley, and the Huang He valley. They developed in the valley between the Tigris and Euphrates, along the Nile, the Indus and Ganges, and Yellow Rivers respectively. As we discuss the beginnings of man, please consider how this information was obtained. Archeologist, cartographers, and anthologist have spent immeasurable amounts of time discovering priceless artifacts and designing maps that link the past to our present. In addition, as you read, observe, interact, and research the beginnings of early civilizations you will be able to compare and contrast the way people in earliest civilizations lived prior to the development of agriculture. Futhermore, you will be able to understand how agriculture changed the culture of man.

Let’s Take a look at the world before Man was “Supreme”

Now let’s review Compare and contrast early human species to modern man. Modern Man Pre-historic Man Similarities Differences

Record and Define Essential Terms Mary Leaky, Ice Man, fossil, artifact, technology, homo sapiens, Stone Age, nomad, culture, Paleolithic Age, Neolithic Age, civilization

The Beginning of Civilization Human Origins Day II

Let’s review and add to our KWL What I Know about early man What I Learned About early man What I’d Like to find out

Let’s review our Compare/Comparison Graphic organizer Modern Man Pre-historic Man Similarities Differences

The First Humans Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new evidence comes to light. - Louis Leakey, British paleoanthropologist

Early Discoveries

Stages of Early Human Development 1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE Paleolithic Age: ( Old Stone Age ) 2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE 2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE 3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE 4. 30,000 BCE -- 10,000 BCE

The Paleolithic Age “Paleolithic” --> “Old Stone” Age 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE Made tools hunting (men) & gathering (women)  small bands of 20-30 humans NOMADIC (moving from place to place)

Stage 1 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE Hominids --> any member of the family of two-legged primates that includes all humans. Australopithecines An Opposable Thumb

Stage 1 HOMO HABILIS ( “Man of Skills” ) found in East Africa. created stone tools.

The Paleolithic Age Purpose?? Humans during this period found shelter in caves. Cave paintings left behind. Purpose??

Stage 2 1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” ) BIPEDALISM Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia. First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE )

Are we all Africans “under the skin”???? Differing Human Migration Theories Are we all Africans “under the skin”????

Stage 3 200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE HOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” ) Neanderthals ( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE ) Cro-Magnons ( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE )

Stage 3 NEANDERTHALS: Neander Valley, Germany (1856) First humans to bury their dead. Made clothes from animal skins. Lived in caves and tents.

Stage 3 NEANDERTHALS Early Hut/Tent

Stage 3 CRO-MAGNONs: Homo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” ) By 30,000 BCE they replaced Neanderthals. WHY???

Homo sapiens sapiens in Europe

The Last Ice Age 70,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE

The Neolithic Age Nomadic lifestyle  settled, stationery lifestyle. “Neolithic”  “New Stone” Age 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE Gradual shift from: Nomadic lifestyle  settled, stationery lifestyle. Hunting/Gathering  agricultural production and domestication of animals.

The Agricultural Revolution 8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. SLASH-AND-BURN Farming Middle East India Central America China Southeast Asia 8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE

The Agricultural Revolution ? ? Development of Agriculture ? ?

The Agricultural Revolution Why do you think the development of agriculture occurred around the same time in several different places?

Why do some archaeologists believe that women were the first farmers? The Agricultural Revolution Why do some archaeologists believe that women were the first farmers?

Early Settled Communities Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations. More permanent, settled communities emerged. 9,000 BCE  Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMO ( northern Iraq )  wheat

Early Settled Communities 8,000 BCE  Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Hüyük ( Modern Turkey )  6,000 inhabitants 12 cultivated crops Division of labor Engaged in trade Organized religion An obsidian dagger Small military

Early Settled Communities Çatal Hüyük

The Agricultural Revolution What role did the food supply play in shaping the nomadic life of hunter-gatherers and the settled life of the farmers?

Why is the "Neolithic Revolution" a turning point in human history??

What is the next step in the development of human settlements??

CITIES ! CIVILIZATIONS !!

What are the characteristics of a civilization??

CIVILIZATION Advanced Cities Advanced Technology Specialized Workers Record- Keeping Complex Institutions

Let’s revisit our KWL What I Know about early man What I Learned What I’d Like to find out

Let’s review Vocabulary Identify a member of a group that has no permanent home, wandering from place to place in search of food and water? Identify a prehistoric period that in which people made use of crude stone tools and weapons. Identify a unique way of life, as shown by tools, customs, arts, and ideas.

Record and answer this question using two or more paragraphs How did the development of agriculture impact early man?

The Beginnings of Civilization The Origin of Man Day 3

Can you answer these questions? Compare and contrast early human species to modern man. How did the development of agriculture impact early man? What activity was the most important foundation of cities and civilization?

Just think…… Agriculture. Farming began during the Neolithic Revolution as people began to plant seeds, grow their own food, domesticate animals and settle in villages. It was a slow process that occurred at different times around the world but can be dated a far back as 8000 BCE in the Middle East. The Neolithic Revolution also saw technological advances such as: the development of the plow and fertilization techniques; the invention of the loom and the wheel; the skill of baking clay bricks for building and hammering metals for weapons and jewelry; and the development of a calendar.

Just think……. It spurred the growth of cities. Civilization comes from the Latin word civitas which means city.

Just think…… Yes. Civilizations developed an economy. Economy can be defined as the means by which people’s material needs are met through the use of their environment. Agriculture led to surplus food so some people began to earn a living doing other things besides farming. People became metal workers, merchants, traders, and priests. Trade and commerce led to a need for record keeping which led to systems of writing and the new occupation of scribe.

Can you answer? What were people with specialized skills called?

Let’s Review vocabulary Identify any remains, impression, or trace of a living thing of a former geologic age, as a skeleton, footprint, etc. Identify a handmade object, as a tool, or the remains of one, as a shard of pottery, characteristic of an earlier time or cultural stage. A British anthropologist major figure in discovering East African pre-history, best known for excavations of some of the earliest members of the human family.

Take a look at Man’s growth

Create an outline to organize main ideas and details Humans try to control nature I. Early Advance in Technology and Art A. Why were tools needed? B. List examples of artistic expression of Paleolithic Age. II. Beginnings of Agriculture A. What spurred the beginning of Agriculture Revolution? B. List causes of Agriculture Revolution. C. Identify early methods of farming. D. Explain impact of domestication of animals. III. Growth of Villages (Give examples of each in relation to agriculture) A. Africa B. china C. Mexico D. Catal Huyuk

Beginning of Civilization Nomads, Villages, and Civilization Day 4

Revisit our KWL What I Know about early man What I Learned What I’d Like to find out

Let’s Review our Vocabulary? Mary Leaky, Ice Man, fossil, artifact, technology, homo sapiens, Stone Age, nomad, culture, Paleolithic Age, Neolithic Age, civilization

Take time and listen…. ClassZone - World History: Ancient and Early Modern Times

Let’s look at early migration patterns of early man http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/ms_wh_aemt/resources/html/animations/wh01_humanmigration.html

The Question? What do you think life was like for early humans?

Take a look at first human discovery Primates (e.g., monkeys and chimpanzees) in the African savannas, or grasslands, were the first animals in evolutionary history to exhibitbipedalism, or the ability to walk on two feet.

We are going to observe and analyze the way human beings walk and compare human walking with that of other bipedal primates.