Chapter 9 Elements, Compounds & Mixtures Hypothesis What is the difference between these three items? Give examples if you need to.

Matter From the Beginning… Matter is anything that has mass or weight. It takes up space and has a definite volume. It must exhibit inertia (If something is at rest , it must stay at rest until a force acts upon it). It cannot occupy the same space as other matter at the same time. It has physical and chemical properties.

The BIG Picture Categorizing Matter Described using physical and chemical properties Pure Substance Mixture Heterogeneous Elements Smallest particle is the atom Compounds Smallest particle is the Molecule Homogenous One type of atom throughout specimen. Atoms combine chemically and cannot be separated. Two or more atoms combine to create a new substance. Solutions Mixtures of two or more substances

Elements Compounds Pure Substances or One type of atom Smallest particle is the atom. Compounds Smallest particle is the Molecule. or One type of atom throughout specimen. Atoms combine chemically and cannot be separated physically. Two or more atoms combine to create a molecule of a new substance.

Pure Substance - Elements 92 elements occur naturally and Many more have been created in a laboratory

found in food and Vitamins Element s for Your Body! Common Trace Elements found in food and Vitamins Boron: Deficiencies of boron can contribute to osteoporosis. Copper: Deficiencies of copper can cause premature hair graying, and premature wrinkling of the skin. Iodine: Deficiencies of iodine can cause a thyroid imbalance or reduced fertility. Selenium: Deficiencies of selenium can cause people to age prematurely or to have slower than normal recovery from illnesses. Zinc: Deficiencies of zinc can cause sterility, and depression.

Is Air an ELEMENT?

Air is primarily made up of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%) Air is primarily made up of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). The remaining 1% is made up of argon (0.93%), carbon dioxide (0.03%) and other trace gases (0.003%). What about … Fire? Earth? Water?

Top TEN Elements In Earth’s Crust http://education.jlab.org/glossary/abund_ele.html

Famous Elements Titanium is a hard, silvery-gray metallic element. Its symbol is Ti. It is the 9th most common element in the Earth’s crust.

Pure Substance - Compounds Every compound is a pair or group of atoms that are combined in a definite proportion. MILLIONS of compounds have been identified! Table Salt Or Sodium Chloride Safe and necessary for life. Highly explosive when exposed to water! Poisonous yellow -green gas plus equals

Common Household Compounds (1) water - H2O (2) sodium chloride (table salt) - NaCl (3) sucrose (table sugar) - C12H22O11 (4) sodium hydrogen carbonate (baking soda) - NaHCO3 (5) calcium carbonate (chalk or marble) - CaCO3 (6) acetic acid (vinegar) - HC2H3O2 (8) ammonia (household ammonia) - NH3 (9) sodium hypochlorite (bleach) - NaClO (10) sodium hydroxide (drain cleaner) - NaOH (11) calcium hydroxide (lime) - Ca(OH)2 (12) sodium stearate (soap) - CH3(CH2)16COONa (13) glycerol (glycerin) - C3H5(OH)3 (14) hydrogen peroxide (antiseptic or bleach) - H2O2 (15) isopropanol (rubbing alcohol) - CH3COHCH3 (16) silicon dioxide (glass) - SiO2 (17) starch (flour) - (C6H10O5)n

What other household products can you think of that may be compounds? Homework Activity Bring in one empty container that has the label in tact – We are on the search for household Compounds! Examples… Bleach bottle Cleanser container Vinegar bottle What other household products can you think of that may be compounds?

The BIG Picture Categorizing Matter Described using physical and chemical properties Pure Substance Mixture Heterogeneous Elements Smallest particle is the atom Compounds Smallest particle is the Molecule Homogenous One type of atom throughout specimen. Atoms combine chemically and cannot be separated. Two or more atoms combine to create a new substance. Solutions Mixtures of two or more substances

Mixtures ARE NOT PURE SUBSTANCES! Substances in a mixture CAN be separated by physical means! Mixtures can be… Heterogeneous: In substances in the mixture are NOT evenly distributed. Or Homogenous: The substances in the mixture ARE evenly distributed.

Heterogeneous Mixtures NOT EVENLY DISTRIBUTED! Examples of Heterogeneous mixtures are…

What heterogeneous Mixtures can you think of?

Homogenous Mixtures ARE evenly distributed! Examples are…

More on a Homogenous Mixture If it appears to be the same throughout it is called a “solution” In a solution the component that is present in the largest amount is called the “solvent” The parts that are in the solution in lesser quantities are called “solutes”

What homogenous Mixtures can you think of?

Wrap Up Review Matter Pure Substance Mixture Elements Compounds Described using physical and chemical properties Pure Substance Mixture Heterogeneous Unevenly distributed Elements Smallest particle is the atom Compounds Smallest particle is the Molecule Homogenous One type of atom throughout specimen. Atoms combine chemically and cannot be separated. Two or more atoms combine to create a new substance. Solutions Mixtures of two or more substances that are evenly distributed Largest component = solvent Smaller components = solutes

All Mixtures can be physically separated! Separating Mixtures All Mixtures can be physically separated! Let’s Practice!