Warm-up 1/27/15 Take out your Measurement lab from yesterday, the M & M lab if you fixed it and your Info sheet if you still have it. 1. Keep working on the Reading Guide that you received yesterday. 2. Make sure that you grab the 1.1/1.2 Reading guide at your table. We will be taking notes in about 10 minutes.

Branches & Spheres Introduction to Earth Science

Earth Science: the name for group of sciences that deals with Earth & its space neighbors Major categories of Earth Science: Geology Oceanography Meteorology Astronomy

Geology: = science that examines Earth, its form & composition, and the changes it undergoes 2 Main Categories: Physical Geology: study of the materials that Earth is made of; examines the present-day processes that shape our planet. Historical Geology: study of the earth’s geologic history. e/everest-webcam.html

Oceanography study of the oceans and oceanic phenomena. composition of seawater, the movement of water changes in coastline, marine life, and sea-floor topography.

Meteorology study of the atmosphere and atmospheric phenomena; study of weather and climate. Involves forecasting of weather, climatology, and the study of the atmosphere.

Astronomy = study of the universe. Includes the understanding of the origins of our universe, galaxy, and solar system. ellite.html

A View of Earth

4 Spheres of Earth Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere Biosphere

Hydrosphere = water portion of our planet. Oceans = 97% of all the water on the Earth. leftover 3% is freshwater groundwater, streams, lakes and glaciers.

Atmosphere = life-sustaining, thin, gaseous envelope that surrounds the Earth. exists only 16 km from the Earth’s surface. Provides the air we breathe; protects from the sun’s heat and radiation. production of weather and climate.

Geosphere = layer of Earth under both the atmosphere and the oceans. Composed of the core, the mantle and the crust. Core: dense, heavy inner sphere Mantle: less dense Crust: lighter, thin portion Not uniform in thickness (thin beneath oceans, thick beneath continents)

Lithosphere: crust and upper mantle Asthenosphere: lower mantle (molten rock)

Biosphere = all life of Earth. Place where living things can be found. Important to all the other spheres on Earth.

Today’s image of the Earth is VERY different than images from many years ago. Grand Canyon, Rocky Mountains, Appalachain Mountains, etc. Different forces have affected the Earth. Destructive Forces: forces that wear away parts of the Earth (weathering, erosion). Constructive Forces: forces that work to build up parts of the Earth (mountain building, volcanism)

Vocabulary, due Fri. Independent variable Dependent variable Qualitative Quantitative Scientific theory Scientific law Geology Oceanography Meteorolgy Astronomy Geosphere Hydrosphere Atmosphere Biosphere Lithosphere Asthenosphere