Introduction to Physiology Unit 1 Chapter 1 Introduction to Physiology

Form and Function What are the parts of a wrench? What are the functions of each part? 3 5 4 1 Handle 2 Worm-screw 3 Jaws 4 Fixed 5 Adjustable The handle is where the wrench is held and stabilized. The worm-screw is turned to adjust the size of the jaws to the correct width by moving the adjustable away from the fixed. 2 1 Adjustable Wrench

Form and Function Human body Anatomy = the parts Physiology = the function of the parts As we go through this class, take notice of how different parts of the body look the way they do because of their function. Form fits function.

Levels of Organization

What makes an organism living or not What makes an organism living or not? Metabolism: all of the chemical reactions in the body

Characteristics of Life Growth Movement Responsiveness

Characteristics of Life Reproduction Digestion Respiration Absorption

Characteristics of Life Excretion Circulation Assimilation Refer to table 1.1

Requirements of Organisms

Requirements of Organisms Oxygen Used to release energy from food Water Required for metabolism, provides transportation to substances throughout body Food Provides necessary nutrients for energy and building materials Heat Product of metabolism Pressure Important in breathing and blood circulation

How to measure heart rate? Radial or Carotid Measure resting HR Jumping Jacks for 1 minute Sit and measure HR What happens to your HR after the jumping jacks? This is an example of homeostasis.

Homeostasis Maintaining a stable internal environment Regulated through negative feedback mechanisms Three components: Receptors – provide information about the internal environment Set point – “normal” condition Effectors – cause responses to alter the internal environment

Homeostatic Mechanism Example: body temperature regulation (pg 8)

Body Cavities Cranial cavity Vertebral Column Thoracic cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic Cavity

Organ Systems 11 organ systems in the body (pg 13) All 11 organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis

Organ Systems Integumentary system Skeletal System Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands Protect and help regulate body temperature Skeletal System Bones, ligaments, cartilage Provides framework and protects internal organs

Organ Systems Muscular System Nervous System Muscles provide forces to move body parts Nervous System Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs Communication of changes inside and outside body Coordination of movement

Organ Systems Endocrine System Cardiovascular System Glands, hormones Regulates metabolism Cardiovascular System Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood Transport blood throughout body Carries oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide away from cells

Organ Systems Lymphatic System Digestive System Lymphatic vessels, lymph, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen Transport fluid back to blood stream Immune response Digestive System Mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, intestines Breaks down food into simpler forms that can be absorbed

Organ System Respiratory System Urinary System lungs Exchanges gases between blood and air Urinary System Kidneys Removes waste from blood Regulates water and salt concentrations

Organ Systems Reproductive System Produces a whole new organism Males and Females have different systems Pg 13

Body Sections Frontal plane Sagittal plane Transverse plane Pg 15

Relative Positions