Using APA and Avoiding Plagiarism Department of Social Work UMD Fall 2011 Compiled by Anne Tellett

Overview APA APA –In text citations –Reference list –General rules There are a variety of styles for citing materials, the Department of Social Work requires the use of APA Avoiding Plagiarism Avoiding Plagiarism –What it is –Paraphrasing Properly citing the works of others that you have used provides credit to those who have created the work. It also provides your reader with a trail to find sources that they may want to read and learn about themselves

The Department of Social Work has required writing guidelines which can be found under Writing Resources at: There are also links to a variety of sources for writing assistance and APA information in this same section of our website

General overview: Plagiarism The following resource from UC Davis (2006) gives clear descriptions of plagiarism, why you should care and how you can avoid it, as well as examples of how to paraphrase correctly. While the document is from another institution the definitions of and consequences for plagiarism are in line with UMD’s own polices. It should be noted that their advice “when in doubt, cite” ( Under “Guidelines for avoiding plagiarism”, ¶ 6)is very sound. It is unlikely that you will receive much in terms of point reductions for overciting, while not citing can result in serious consequences, which could include failing the assignment or failing the course The following resource from UC Davis (2006) gives clear descriptions of plagiarism, why you should care and how you can avoid it, as well as examples of how to paraphrase correctly. While the document is from another institution the definitions of and consequences for plagiarism are in line with UMD’s own polices. It should be noted that their advice “when in doubt, cite” ( Under “Guidelines for avoiding plagiarism”, ¶ 6)is very sound. It is unlikely that you will receive much in terms of point reductions for overciting, while not citing can result in serious consequences, which could include failing the assignment or failing the course (see UMD’s Student code of conduct).

Three broad acts considered plagiarism -failing to cite -failing to quote -failing to paraphrase correctly (Hacker, 1998 as quoted in Duckart, 2007, ¶2) (Hacker, 1998 as quoted in Duckart, 2007, ¶2) See the following link for Diana Hacker’s additional explanations on this:

Avoiding Plagiarism Common Errors Common Errors –Missing attribution (author) –Missing Quotation Marks –Inadequate Citation –Paraphrase relies too heavily on source –Distortion of meaning –Missing Works Cited (References) entry –Inadequate citation of images (Faigley, 2006, p. 231)

Additional resources Is it plagiarism yet? Safe practices to avoid plagiarism

Citations within the text of document

When citing a source with a direct quote, you must include author, date, and page number When citing a source with a direct quote, you must include author, date, and page numberExample: Reichert (2011) states that “human rights define the needs and also the set of rights that each individual may claim, no matter where he or she resides” (p. 2). Citations using direct quotes

Another example: Human rights “define the needs and also the set of rights that each individual may claim, no matter where he or she resides” (Reichert, 2011, p. 2). Note: In the case of online documents which don’t have page numbers, a paragraph number is required; this is written (para. 4).

Example for 40 or more words in quote: Rhodes (1963) discusses another approach to glazing: An englobe, or a slip, is layer of colored clay applied to the surface of a piece of pottery to change its color or to add some decorative accent. There are many ways of developing, coloring, aging, and applying englobes. (p. 160) but be sure to double space the quotation!

Citations without direct quotes When citing a source without using a direct quote, include only author and date. When citing a source without using a direct quote, include only author and date. Example D Rhodes (1963) wrote extensively about using englobes to decorate ceramic works. Example E The use of englobes is one method of ceramic decoration (Rhodes, 1963).

Format for Citing Multiple Authors 2 authors – cite both names (every time) separated by: and or & 2 authors – cite both names (every time) separated by: and or & Example: (Day & Bye, 2000) or Day and Bye (2000) 3-5 authors – cite all authors 1st time 3-5 authors – cite all authors 1st time Example: (Falk, Raschick & Campbell, 2004); After that use et al. After that use et al. (Falk et al., 2004) or Falk et al. (2004) 6 or more authors – cite first author’s name and use et al. 6 or more authors – cite first author’s name and use et al. Example: (Shepard et al., 2004) or Shepard et al. (2004)

Text and Reference List There must be a direct tie between your in-tet citations and the Reference list at the end of your paper. There must be a direct tie between your in-text citations and the Reference list at the end of your paper. Example: Example: Day and Bye (2000) found that…. Day, P., & Bye, L. (2000). Answers to MSW student’s questions. Journal of Social Work Education, 28 (1), Not: Bye, L. & Day, P. (2002)…

Citation for personal communication Cite in text but do not include in reference list Cite in text but do not include in reference list Example: A.B. Conrad (personal communication, May 22, 2010) or (A.B. Conrad, personal communication, May 22, 2010)

General APA Rules What you’re undoubtedly already doing What you’re undoubtedly already doing –Using 1” margins on all sides –Indenting each paragraph 1/2” (5–7 spaces) –Double spacing the text –Numbering each page and running heads –Using 12-point font –Using a serif type face similar to Times New Roman

Reference List Format

Books General format General format Smith, E. B. (2004). Title of work: Often a subtitle goes here. Location: Publisher. Smith, E. B. (2004). Title of work: Often a subtitle goes here. Location: Publisher. Book edition other than the first edition Book edition other than the first edition Smith, E. B., & Jones, C. D. (2005). Title of book (5 th ed.). Location: Publisher.

Edited Books Edited book with no authors Edited book with no authors Davis, A.B. & Morgan, C.D. (Eds.). (2006). Title: Insert a subtitle here. Location: Publisher. Edited book with author Edited book with author Smith, E. B.(2006). Title (A.B. Davis, Ed.). Location: Publisher.

Article or Chapter in Edited Book Single author and editor ● Single author and editor Smith, E. B. (2005). Title of chapter. In A. Davis (Ed.), Title of book (pp. 67–75). Location: Publisher. ● Multiple authors and editors Smith, E. B., & Jones, C. D. (2005). Title of chapter. In A. Davis, B. Smith, & C. Rodriguez (Eds.), Title of book (pp. 76–89). Location: Publisher. * Note that names of editors are not inverted, when they are in this position in the citation

Periodical in Reference List Periodical Periodical –Jones, M. V. (2004). Title of article. Title of Periodical, 77, 101–124. –Smith, Q. R. (2003). Title of article. Title of Periodical, 28 (4), 24–35.  In this example, the (4) is the issue number, which is included if each issue begins with page 1.

Titles: Book, journal and article (Italics and Capitalization) Here is my title: A guidebook. Book title: Here is my title: A guidebook. Everything you wanted to know about APA: But forgot to ask. Journal article title (no italics): Everything you wanted to know about APA: But forgot to ask. (Note: books and articles are not capitalized throughout. They use sentence type capitalization with caps inserted only for a proper name or the first word after : or -) Journal titles (capitalized & italicized throughout): Journal of Strange Sightings and Bad Jokes

Electronic/Internet sources Let your reader know where to find the material you are citing by providing an accurate address/URL. Let your reader know where to find the material you are citing by providing an accurate address/URL. >For some examples go to FAQ at APA FAQ at APAFAQ at APA >For more details go to the OWL at Purdue Writing Lab

Citing Internet material Some of the different types of online sources to be aware of: Some of the different types of online sources to be aware of: -Articles from an Online journal -Newspaper Articles -Electronic Books -Nonperiodical web document, web page or report -Government Report

Online journal article with a DOI When available include the DOI (digital object identifier) in the reference When available include the DOI (digital object identifier) in the referenceDOI Example: Hardy, S.A., & Jones, B.T. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number. doi: /

Online Journal without a DOI Thompson, A. A., & Smith, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number. Retrieved from Thompson, A. A., & Smith, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number. Retrieved from Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites, 149. Retrieved from Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites, 149. Retrieved from Note: If no DOI is assigned and your retrieved the article online, give the URL of the journal homepage

Newspaper articles from online source Author, A. ( year, Month day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper. Retrieved from Author, A. ( year, Month day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper. Retrieved from Parker-Pope, T. ( 2008, May 6). Psychiatry handbook linked to drug industry. The New York Times. Retrieved from Parker-Pope, T. ( 2008, May 6). Psychiatry handbook linked to drug industry. The New York Times. Retrieved from

Nonperiodical Web Document, Web Page or Report Author, A. A., & Second, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of Document. Retrieved from address Author, A. A., & Second, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of Document. Retrieved from address UMD Department of Social Work (n.d.). Retrieved from UMD Department of Social Work (n.d.). Desk top computer instructions. Retrieved from Mohr, C. (2011). Achievement gap in the Twin Cities: How are we doing and what shows promise? Retrieved from ap_TCDPNew_Normal_Oct13_2011_PUBLIC.pdf Mohr, C. (2011). Achievement gap in the Twin Cities: How are we doing and what shows promise? Retrieved from ap_TCDPNew_Normal_Oct13_2011_PUBLIC.pdf

For additional information on reference lists and in text citation General overview And this in particular for citing And this in particular for citing o.html#RES5e_ch09 o.html#RES5e_ch09 o.html#RES5e_ch09 o.html#RES5e_ch09

References American Psychological Association (2010). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association ( 6 th Ed.). Washington, D.C.: APA. Duckart, T. (2007). Avoiding Plagiarism. Retrieved October 19, 2009, from Faigley, L. ( 2006). The brief Penguin handbook (2 nd Ed.). New York: Pearson Education Inc. UC Davis (2006). Avoiding plagiarism: Mastering the art of scholarship. Retrieved October 19, 2009 from ( don’t forget to double space!)