1. APA Style Review & Formatting References

2. APA
The APA citation style for research work is used primarily in the social and natural sciences.
You have a moral and legal obligation to cite the source of any information you borrow and use in your work.
Keep track of the information you need from each source you use as you do your research. . ?

3. Avoiding Plagiarism
“Whether paraphrasing, quoting an author directly, or describing an idea that influenced your work, you must credit the source” (APA Manual, 2010, p. 170).
Direct quotations are NOT the only borrowed material that must be cited in your paper.
The source of any idea, theory, or research that you paraphrase or summarize in your paper must also be cited.

4. Order of Manuscript Pages
Title page (numbered 1)
Abstract (numbered 2)
Text (start on separate page)
References (start on separate page)
Tables (start each on separate page)
Figures (start each on separate page; include caption on page with figure)
Appendices (start each on separate page)

5. APA In-Text Citations Example: (Carter, 2010, p. 263)
Author’s last name
If author is unknown, use title of work (shortened form if title is long)
Year of publication
For direct quotations, add page number (optional for material not directly quoted)
Example: (Carter, 2010, p. 263)
NOTE: If you use the author’s name or the date elsewhere in the text itself, omit from the in-text parentheses.

6. Examples of Various Options for APA In-Text Citations
One study found that “students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time” (Johnson, 2009, p. 27). Students using APA style for the first time often find the citation format challenging (Johnson, 2009). Johnson’s 2009 study showed that APA is a challenging citation format for first-time learners.
What kind of source use is this?

7. Examples of In-Text Citations: Special Cases
No author, use title: (Human Sleep, 2012) (“Insomnia,” 2008)
No date, use n.d.: (Martin, n.d.)
Two authors: (McLaughlin & Miracle, 2010)
Secondary sources: Hitler’s letters (as cited in Hoza, 2013)
No page numbers, use paragraph or chapter number: (Bendick, 2004, para. 7) (Tacy, 1997, Chapter 22)
What kind of source use is this?

8. How the In-Text Citations & the References Page Work Together
In-text citations briefly identify the source & direct the reader to the References page.
The References page at the end of your paper includes the full bibliographic information for each source cited in the text.
Every in-text citation should refer to an entry in the References, and every work listed in the References should be cited in the paper.

9. APA References Page Format
The References page comes immediately after the main text of your manuscript.
Title of page is References (don’t forget the running head & page number).
Use double spacing throughout.
List sources in alphabetical order by author’s last name (use title if author is unknown).
Use hanging indent: 1st line of each entry is flush left & subsequent lines are indented.

10. Information needed from a book source for the citation on your References page:
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work:
Capital letter also for subtitle. Location:
Publisher.
Example:
Brinkley, T. R. (2012). Addiction to texting: A study of cell
phone dependency. New York, NY: Random House
Publishing.

11. Information needed from an online source for the citation on your References page:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of
article. Title of Journal, volume number, page range.
Retrieved from
Example:
Dodson, M., & Jones, D. L. (2015). The emotional brain.
Journal of Neuroscience, 8, Retrieved from

12. Reminders Regarding References
Don’t rely on your memory: always check a reliable source to verify the format and punctuation of each entry in your list of References.
When in doubt, use the library’s copy of the APA Manual—or the links on the next page-- to answer questions.
Proofread your References carefully. Then proofread again.

13. APA Style: Helpful Resources
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edition
APA Style Online (includes a tutorial)
Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL)
Cornell University Library APA Guide .