Migration Intro to Human Geography Harpweek.com

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Objectives Introduce relevant migration terminology Consider the role of scale in analyzing migration – focusing on International in class Identify global migration patterns Examine types of migration issues/patterns

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Migration A type of mobility ▫Migration is a long-term or permanent move to a new location ▫Migration = relocation diffusion  Circulation - temporary, cyclical relocation Emigration Immigration Net Migration= # of immigrants - # of emigrants

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Scale: International migration ▫Two types according to the book.  Voluntary  Forced ▫According to the U.S. State Department, there were 43.7 million refugees in ▫Push and pull factors: Why do people move? Forced Migration Online

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Intervening obstacles What kinds of barriers do people face during migration? How have these changed with technology? John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland, Image number to-America-1850s

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Global Migration Patterns Remember Distance Decay? - 5 NYTimes Snapshot: Global Migration Few migrants move large distances or outside the country, but if they do, it is likely to a big economic center. GLORIOUS map from The International Organization for MigrationGLORIOUS map from The International Organization for Migration!!

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Global migration patterns Net out-migration – Asia, Africa, and Latin America Net in-migration – North America, Europe, and Oceania ▫The US has the largest foreign-born population  40 million in 2010  Looking at 2013 data—1 in 5 international migrants settles in the US.

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. International Migration: The United States Historic Migration: Dominated by Europeans Lossing (3), Benson J. The History of the Civil War. New York: The War Memorial Association, Kazuki Kobayashi dipity.com

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. International Migration: United States 1950s to present Population Reference Bureau Annual Number of Legal U.S. Immigrants by Decade and Region of Origin, Authorized Vs. Unauthorized Immigration

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. International Migration: US ▫U.S. attitudes towards immigrants  Each wave of migrants has experienced distrust or racism.  Early 20 th century see growth of Americanization programs  By 1970s see appreciation for “melting pot” and later “salad bowl”

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Case Study Hot Topic: Unauthorized immigration  2008 = estimated 11.9 million unauthorized/ undocumented immigrants  About 5.4 percent of the U.S. civilian labor force  Around 59 percent are undocumented immigrants from Mexico A House Divided over Immigration Consequences of Alabama Immigration law set in National Geographic

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Where do Immigrants Move? What are the two most likely destinations for international migrants to the US?  NY Times Immigration Map NY Times Immigration Map  Forbes Immigration Map Forbes Immigration Map

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. International Migration: Latin America Before 1950 a destination for immigrants, since 1950 a region of net emigration. ▫Caribbean has among the highest rates of emigration ▫Mexico is the leading source of migrants to the US ▫Push factors vary by country ▫Transnationalism: the maintenance of ties in more than country  Remittances UNWomen ClipUNWomen Clip

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Remittances Tripled since 2000! Remittances to middle and low income countries is triple what was received from foreign aid.

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Chain Migration

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. International Migration: Europe In the past a source of emigrants; today a net- immigration location. ▫Labor shortages ▫Guest workers – receive permits for temporary work. ▫Migrants after end of communism. ▫Refugee - someone who flees a country because of safety or persecution. ▫Asylum – protection from persecution. Population growth comes from migration, but anti-immigration feelings exist.

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Refugees: Sources and Destinations Figure 3-2

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. International Migration: Africa Historically influenced by a history of colonization. Brain drain – migration of skilled professionals to another country for more pay and better life. Conflicts have led to internally displaced persons – forced to leave home to another part of their country. ▫Lost Boys of SudanLost Boys of Sudan ▫Migration for Development in SomaliaMigration for Development in Somalia

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. International Migration: Asia The largest region of net-emigration ▫Largely for work ▫Guest worker programs Attitudes toward guest workers  Human Rights Organization Human Rights Organization  Human Trafficking – use of force, violence, or coercion to make people work. ▫Largest source from Southeast Asia How can we use geography to understand this story?

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Review Understand major terms: immigration, emigration, net migration, circulation, voluntary and forced migration, push and pull factors. Take a look at each of the regions to understand what the broad patterns/trends are. Pay attention to words in bold or italics.

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ld/2014/feb/16/egypt-population- explosion-social-unrest