Genetic Engineering

Tools of Molecular Biology DNA Extraction Cutting DNA Restriction Enzymes Recognize certain sequences of DNA and cut the hydrogen bonds Separating DNA Gel electrophoresis Used to identify DNA in crime

PCR A portion of DNA is replicated Primer is added before sequence to be replicated DNA is heated to separate strands then cooled. (makes DNA single stranded) Polymerase makes copies of DNA. Works exponentially: 2 strands becomes 4, 4 strands becomes 16, 16 becomes 256.

Putting it together Why would you want to use a restriction enzyme before using PCR? How are restriction enzymes useful for medical research?

Transforming Bacteria Taking a non bacterial gene an inputting it into bacterial plasmids Allows the gene in question to be expressed and any expression harnessed Insulin Growth hormone

Cloning Bacterial colonies are all clones of the original organism In mammals, egg cell is taken from a female. A donor gives a single cell. The egg and normal cell are fused together. Egg cell begins to divide. Egg must be implanted in a uterus.

Activity Using the lecture notes, explain how you would create your genetically modified creature from the warm up