Today's Agenda Bellwork Announcements Questions Bellwork Review Group Work Socratic Discussion Assessment/Closure 1 1

Our Standard Today W.6 Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and growth of cities. (C, E, G) W.7 Explain the connections among natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy including the reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in England. (E, G, H) W.8 Write an informative piece analyzing the emergence of capitalism as a dominant economic pattern and the responses to it, including Utopianism, Social Democracy, Socialism and Communism, Adam Smith, Robert Owen, and Karl Marx. (C, E, H, P) 2

Our Objective Industrial Revolution 1750-1914 We will analyze the emergence and effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States.

Cities begin to Form http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa 011201a.htm

Production begins to grow

Industrial Revolution, 1700 - 1900 The Industrial Revolution begins in Britain, spreads to other countries, and has a strong impact on economics, politics, and society.

Why Industrial Revolution Began in England (mid 1700s) Industrialization—move to machine production of goods Britain has natural resources—coal, iron, rivers, harbors Britain has all needed factors of production—land, labor, capital Britain has political stability

Inventions Spur Industrialization Changes in the Textile Industry Weavers work faster with flying shuttles and spinning jennies Water frame, power loom, speed production Factories—buildings that contain machinery for manufacturing

Improvements in Transportation James Watt’s Steam Engine Need for cheap, convenient power spurs development of steam engine Watt is #25 on Millennium List Water Transportation Robert Fulton builds first steamboat; England’s water transport improved by canals

The Railway Age Begins Steam-Driven Locomotives 1804, first steam-driven locomotive 1825, first railroad line Railroads Revolutionize Life in Britain Railroads spur industrial growth, create jobs Cheaper transportation boosts many industries; people move to cities

George Stephenson's Rocket locomotive. Photograph, 19th century.

Industrialization Case Study: Manchester Factories pay more than farms, spur demand for more expensive goods Urbanization—city-building and movement of people to cities Factory pollution fouls air, poisons river Sickness widespread in urban slums; lack sanitary and building codes

Working Conditions Average working day 14 hours for 6 days a week Dirty, poorly lit factories injure workers Many coal miners killed by coal dust Children as young as 6 work in factories; many are injured

The job of this young "tipple boy" was to unload coal cars by tipping them over. Photograph. West Virginia, Lewis Hine.

Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution Immediate Benefits Creates jobs, enriches nation, encourages technological progress Education expands, clothing cheaper, diet and housing improve Workers eventually win shorter hours, better wages and conditions Long-Term Effects Improved living and working conditions still evident today Governments use increased tax revenues for urban improvements

The industrialization that begins in Great Britain spreads to other parts of the world. Industrialization in the United States Begins in early 19th century but picks up post-Civil War. U.S. has natural and labor resources needed to industrialize Troubles in Continental Europe Revolution and Napoleonic wars disrupted early 19th-century economy Eventually, Belgium, Germany, Northern Italy, and France industrialize

The Impact of Industrialization Rise of Global Inequality Wealth gap widens; non-industrialized countries fall further behind European nations, U.S., Japan exploit colonies for resources Imperialism spreads due to need for raw materials, markets Transformation of Society Europe and U.S. gain economic power African and Asian economies lag, based on agriculture and crafts. Rise of middle class strengthens democracy, calls for social reform

The Industrial Revolution leads to economic, social, and political reforms Charles Dickens: From Poor House to Mansion Charles Dickens’s childhood experience as a factory worker influenced his writing and helped bring about reform during the Industrial Revolution.

The Philosophers of Industrialization Laissez faire—economic policy of not interfering with businesses Originates with Enlightenment economic philosophers Adam Smith—defender of free markets, author of The Wealth of Nations Believes economic liberty guarantees economic progress Economic natural laws—self-interest, competition, supply and demand

Mercantilism vs Free Market 1500-1776 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bouw3MvmrYM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUco5NSAiRI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LCRNI04tnN8\ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZhWgDVS-AdA

The Economists of Capitalism Thomas Malthus & David Ricardo boost laissez-faire capitalism Capitalism—system of privately owned businesses seeking profits

The Rise of Socialism Utilitarianism Jeremy Bentham’s utilitarianism—judge things by their usefulness John Stuart Mill favors regulation to help workers, spread wealth Socialism Socialism—factors of production owned by, operated for the people Socialists think government control can end poverty, bring equality

Marxism: Radical Socialism Karl Marx—German journalist proposes a radical Socialism Friedrich Engels—German whose father owns a Manchester textile mill The Communist Manifesto Marx and Engels believe society is divided into warring classes Capitalism helps “haves,” the employers known as the bourgeoisie Hurts “have-nots,” the workers known as the Proletariat. Marx, Engels predict the workers will overthrow the owners

The Future According to Marx Marx believes that capitalism will eventually destroy itself Inequality would cause workers to revolt, seize factories and mills Communism—society where people own, share the means of production Marx’s ideas later take root in Russia, China, Cuba

Video Time http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SWZEawf8ag

The “Industrial” Revolution Today Smaller, More Powerful Computers Computer components miniaturized due partly to space program Computers can fit in hands, instead of needing a whole room Computers now commonplace in factories, offices, vehicles, homes Bill Gates, #41 on Millennium List

Communications Network Internet—linkage of computer networks spanning the world Internet use soars from 26 to 600 million people from 1995–2002 Internet greatly affects business, speeding up flow of information

Technology Revolutionizes the World’s Economy Advances in Industry Progress in science leads to new industries Technological advances change industrial processes Production costs are lower; quality and speed of production increase Information Industries Change Economies New technologies reduce need for factory workers Using computers, information industries enjoy great growth

The Effects of New Economies Post-war boom benefits many nations; causes shifts in economic bases Developed nations—nations with advanced business infrastructures Emerging nations—nations in the process of becoming industrialized Manufacturing moves to emerging nations with cheap, eager labor Information industries multiply in developed nations

FYI: In August 2010, after three decades of spectacular growth, China passed Japan to become the world’s second-largest economy behind the United States. Experts say unseating Japan—and in recent years passing Germany, France and Great Britain—underscores China’s growing clout and bolsters forecasts that China will pass the United States as the world’s biggest economy as early as 2030. America’s gross domestic product (GDP) was $14 trillion in 2009.

Your Generation versus My Generation Video Time Your Generation versus My Generation

Our Standard Today W.6 Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and growth of cities. (C, E, G) W.7 Explain the connections among natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy including the reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in England. (E, G, H) W.8 Write an informative piece analyzing the emergence of capitalism as a dominant economic pattern and the responses to it, including Utopianism, Social Democracy, Socialism and Communism, Adam Smith, Robert Owen, and Karl Marx. (C, E, H, P) 43

Our Objective Industrial Revolution 1750-1914 We will analyze the emergence and effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States.