Energy Resources

Vocabulary – “Fossil Fuels” (Chapter 5 – Section 1) Energy Transformation Combustion Fossil Fuels Hydrocarbon Coal Petroleum/Oil Refinery Petrochemical Natural Gas

Fuel Definition: Examples: Energy Transformation Combustion

Production of Electricity (p. 159)

Percent of Total Energy Skills Activity (p. 160) Percent of Total Energy End Use of Energy Transportation Industry Homes and Businesses 26.5 % 38.1 % 35.4 %

At-Home Activity (p. 164) What fuel source is used in your home? In other words, how is your home cooled and heated.

Fossil Fuels. Definition:. Types:. 1. 2. 3 Fossil Fuels Definition: Types: 1. 2. 3. ***Non Renewable Resource Hydrocarbon Definition:

1. Coal (solid, most plentiful Fossil Fuel) Formation: (Plant-Peat-Coal) Begins as decomposing plant matter (swamp plants die and build up) Plants become PEAT (can be burned-not as efficient as coal) Peat becomes Coal (lots of pressure/years and lots of energy) Advantages: Once found, can be mined and easily transported (23% of fuel in US-mainly electrical plants) Disadvantages: Danger of mining, increases erosion, water pollution from runoff, air pollution from burning

Advantages vs. Disadvantages ??? Coal Advantages vs. Disadvantages ???

Coal Formation (p. 161)

Oil (Petroleum) Advantages vs. Disadvantages ??? Refinery Definition: Petrochemicals Examples:

Oil Production (p. 162) Crude oil is first pumped out of the ground and then refined. In the refining process, crude oil is heated and separated to make different products.

Advantages vs. Disadvantages ??? Natural Gas Advantages vs. Disadvantages ???

Fuels and Electricity The circle graph shows which energy sources are used to produce electricity in the United States.

Reading Graphs: What does each wedge of the circle represent? The percentage of total U.S. electricity that is produced using the labeled energy source

Interpreting Data: Which energy source is used to generate most of the electricity in the United States? Coal

Drawing Conclusions: What percentage of the electricity production in the United States relies on fossil fuels? 70.8% (59.3% coal, 9.3% natural gas, 2.2% petroleum)

Predicting: How might the circle graph differ 50 years from now? Give reasons to support your prediction. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas might decrease because they are in limited supply; nuclear and hydroelectric energy sources might increase to replace fossil fuels.

Key Concepts When fuels are burned, the chemical energy that is released can be used to generate another form of energy, such as heat, light, motion or electricity. The 3 major fossil fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas. Since fossil fuels take hundreds of millions of years to form, they are considered nonrenewable resources.

Target Reading Skill (p. 158) Building Vocabulary: Using a word in a sentence helps you think about how best to explain the word. After you read the section, reread the paragraphs that contain Vocabulary words. Use the information you have learned to write a meaningful sentence using each word.

Building Vocabulary Key Terms: Examples: Key Terms: Examples: petrochemicals Petrochemicals, which are also made from oil, are used to make medicines, plastics, paints, and cosmetics. Key Terms: Examples: energy transformation combustion fuel An example of energy transformation is combustion, when a fuel is burned and chemical energy is released. petroleum fossil fuels hydrocarbons Oil, also called petroleum, is one of the fossil fuels, which are made up of energy-rich hydrocarbons. refinery Many products that come from oil are produced in a refinery, where oil is heated and separated.

Vocabulary – “Renewable Sources of Energy” (Chapter 5 – Section 2) Hydroelectric Power Wind Power Biomass Fuels Gasohol Geothermal Energy Hydrogen Power Solar Energy Solar Power Plants Solar Cells Passive Solar Heating Active Solar Heating

Solar Energy Advantages/Disadvantages??? Solar Power Plants

Solar Cells How are solar cells different than solar power plants???

Passive Solar Heating vs. Active Solar Heating

Solar House Q. How does the house capture solar energy? A. Active solar collectors on the roof, large windows on the south and west sides that act as passive solar collectors Q. What does the equipment that is on the roof do? A. Active solar cells on the roof generate electricity that can be stored in a battery in the basement. Q. What is the difference between active and passive solar heating systems? A. Both convert sunlight into thermal energy, but only active systems use pumps and fans to distribute heat.

*Advantages/Disadvantages??? Hydroelectric Power How do we get electricity using a dam? *Gavins Point Dam -Yankton, SD *Advantages/Disadvantages???

Advantages/Disadvantages??? Wind Energy *How do we get electricity using a wind mill? Advantages/Disadvantages???

*What is Biomass? *What is Gasohol? Advantages??? Disadvantages??? Biomass Fuels *What is Biomass? *What is Gasohol? Advantages??? Disadvantages???

Advantages/Disadvantages??? Geothermal Advantages/Disadvantages???

Hydrogen Power In what common substance is most hydrogen on Earth found? Advantages/Disadvantages???

Key Concepts The sun constantly gives off energy in the forms of light and heat. In addition to solar energy, renewable sources of energy include water, the wind, biomass fuels, geothermal energy and hydrogen.

Vocabulary – “Nuclear Energy” (Chapter 5 – Section 3) Nucleus Nuclear Fission Controlled Chain Reaction Uncontrolled Chain Reaction Nuclear Fusion

“Nuclear Energy” Fission and Fusion

What is a nucleus? What is in a nucleus?

Nuclear Fission What is a “Chain Reaction?” Give an example of a controlled and uncontrolled chain reaction Controlled = ___________________ Uncontrolled = _________________

Nuclear Power Plant

Atomic Bomb

Nuclear Fusion What 2 nuclei combine with nuclear fusion?

Compare and Contrast Fission Both Fusion

Key Concepts During nuclear fission, when a neutron hits a U-235 nucleus, the nucleus splits apart into 2 smaller nuclei and 2 or more neutrons. In a nuclear power plant, the heat released form fission reactions is used to change water into steam, which turns the blades of a turbine to generate electricity. In nuclear fusion, 2 H nuclei combine to create a He nucleus, which has slightly less mass than the 2 H nuclei. The lost mass is converted to energy.

Vocabulary – “Energy Conservation” (Chapter 5 – Section 4) Efficiency Insulation Energy Conservation

Energy Conservation Conservation by Recycling (1:38)

Energy Efficiency What is the most common way to improve efficiency of heating and cooling? Name ways that energy efficiency can be improved in lighting? Name ways that energy efficiency can be improved in transportation? How can YOU improve energy efficiency in your home, school, life?

Key Concepts One way to preserve our current energy resources is to increase the efficiency of our energy use. Another way is to conserve energy whenever possible.

Bill Nye – The Automobile (7:39)

The Hybrid Car What is a fossil fuel? What type of fossil fuel is used by most automobiles? What problems are associated with the use of fossil fuels? What problems are associated with the way cars are fueled? What are some ways the individuals and governments have tried to solve some of the problems?