1. Energy Resources Chapter 15 Section 3

2. Journal Entry 25 Describe the conversions between potential and kinetic energy of a pendulum.

3. Journal Entry 26 Describe the movement of a pole- vaulter detailing the conversions between kinetic and potential energy. Be sure to designate where/when the athlete has maximum gravitational potential energy and where/when would the pole have maximum elastic potential energy.

4. Journal Entry 27 Explain the difference between using passive solar energy and active solar energy.

5. Science Journal Entry 28 Explain how geothermal energy and hydrogen fuel cells work.

6. Nonrenewable Energy Resources Nonrenewable Energy Resources exist in limited quantities. These cannot be replaced within our life times since most scientists believe that it takes millions of years to form them. Nonrenewable resources that we use are oil, natural gas, coal and uranium. Nonrenewable Energy Resources exist in limited quantities. These cannot be replaced within our life times since most scientists believe that it takes millions of years to form them. Nonrenewable resources that we use are oil, natural gas, coal and uranium. Oil, natural gas, and coal are nonrenewable fossil fuels. They are formed underground from the remains of once-living organisms. Compared to other fuels, these resources are inexpensive and readily available but using them creates pollution. Oil, natural gas, and coal are nonrenewable fossil fuels. They are formed underground from the remains of once-living organisms. Compared to other fuels, these resources are inexpensive and readily available but using them creates pollution.

7. Renewable Energy Resources Renewable energy resources can be renewed or replaced within a short period of time. Most of these resources come from the sun either directly or indirectly. Renewable energy resources can be renewed or replaced within a short period of time. Most of these resources come from the sun either directly or indirectly. Hydroelectric, solar, geothermal, wind, biomass are renewable resources. Some day we may be able to add nuclear fusion to the list. Nuclear power at present used nuclear fission to harvest the power of the atom. Hydroelectric, solar, geothermal, wind, biomass are renewable resources. Some day we may be able to add nuclear fusion to the list. Nuclear power at present used nuclear fission to harvest the power of the atom. https://youtu.be/Bh5lyOCUcRg 3:06 https://youtu.be/Bh5lyOCUcRg 3:06 https://youtu.be/Bh5lyOCUcRg

8. Hydroelectric Energy This type of energy uses the power of running water. The water in rivers continually converts the gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy. This kinetic energy is used to turn turbines connected to electric generators that generate electricity. This type of energy uses the power of running water. The water in rivers continually converts the gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy. This kinetic energy is used to turn turbines connected to electric generators that generate electricity. A few power plants use the normal flow of the river but most modern plants rely on dams that are built across rivers. A few power plants use the normal flow of the river but most modern plants rely on dams that are built across rivers.

9. Harnessing Energy Dams work by blocking the flow of water which stores the rivers potential energy. Then when the water is released, it is converted into kinetic energy. Dams work by blocking the flow of water which stores the rivers potential energy. Then when the water is released, it is converted into kinetic energy. The cost of producing energy is low and dams do not create air pollution. The cost of producing energy is low and dams do not create air pollution. Hoover Dam on the Colorado River can generate over 2 million kilowatts of power. Hoover Dam on the Colorado River can generate over 2 million kilowatts of power. Dams do hamper some fish from running upriver to spawn. Dams do hamper some fish from running upriver to spawn. https://youtu.be/tpigNNTQix8 3:50 https://youtu.be/tpigNNTQix8 3:50 https://youtu.be/tpigNNTQix8

11. Solar Energy It is possible to warm a house without using any machinery. This is done by allowing sunlight to pass through the windows which is absorbed by thick walls that in turn radiate thermal energy to warm house. This is called a passive solar design. It is possible to warm a house without using any machinery. This is done by allowing sunlight to pass through the windows which is absorbed by thick walls that in turn radiate thermal energy to warm house. This is called a passive solar design. Sunlight heats flat collection plates in an active solar energy system. Water flowing through these plates is warmed to provide hot water or to heat a house. Sunlight heats flat collection plates in an active solar energy system. Water flowing through these plates is warmed to provide hot water or to heat a house.

12. Solar Energy to Electricity Solar cells called photovoltaic cells are used to turn solar energy into electricity. Small devices such as calculators use solar cells. Solar cells called photovoltaic cells are used to turn solar energy into electricity. Small devices such as calculators use solar cells. Mirrors that concentrate sunlight to produce electricity are used by large solar electric plants. Mirrors that concentrate sunlight to produce electricity are used by large solar electric plants. Solar energy does not like the environment it pollutes but it can’t be used where there are many cloudy days. Solar energy does not like the environment it pollutes but it can’t be used where there are many cloudy days. https://youtu.be/av24fEMhDoU 3:53 https://youtu.be/av24fEMhDoU 3:53 https://youtu.be/av24fEMhDoU

13. Geothermal Energy and Wind Energy Geothermal energy is harvesting heat that is underground. It is used by pumping water through the ground that turns into steam used to drive electric generators. This type of energy can only be used in places where there is adequate heat underground such as near volcanoes. Geothermal energy is harvesting heat that is underground. It is used by pumping water through the ground that turns into steam used to drive electric generators. This type of energy can only be used in places where there is adequate heat underground such as near volcanoes. Wind turbines change the horizontal kinetic energy of the wind into rotational energy of the turbine’s rotor shaft which drives the electric generator. Wind turbines change the horizontal kinetic energy of the wind into rotational energy of the turbine’s rotor shaft which drives the electric generator. https://youtu.be/mCRDf7QxjDk 3:47 https://youtu.be/mCRDf7QxjDk 3:47 https://youtu.be/mCRDf7QxjDk https://youtu.be/tsZITSeQFR0 2:16 https://youtu.be/tsZITSeQFR0 2:16 https://youtu.be/tsZITSeQFR0

14. Biomass Energy Plants use the electromagnetic energy from the sun turning it into chemical energy. Biomass Energy is using this stored chemical energy in plants to make energy for us. Plants use the electromagnetic energy from the sun turning it into chemical energy. Biomass Energy is using this stored chemical energy in plants to make energy for us. For instance, some people burn wood in wood stoves changing the chemical energy in plants directly into thermal energy. For instance, some people burn wood in wood stoves changing the chemical energy in plants directly into thermal energy. High-energy alcohol that is added to gasoline for cars is made from agricultural waste such as corn stalks. High-energy alcohol that is added to gasoline for cars is made from agricultural waste such as corn stalks. https://youtu.be/-ck3FYVNl6s 2:55 https://youtu.be/-ck3FYVNl6s 2:55 https://youtu.be/-ck3FYVNl6s

15. Alternative Energy Resources

16. Hydrogen Fuel Cells The hydrogen fuel cell gets energy by the reaction of hydrogen with oxygen. Hydrogen may be removed from water and then combined again with oxygen to generate the energy from the reaction. The end product is nonpolluting water. The hydrogen fuel cell gets energy by the reaction of hydrogen with oxygen. Hydrogen may be removed from water and then combined again with oxygen to generate the energy from the reaction. The end product is nonpolluting water. Other renewable resources may be used to get electricity from hydrogen fuel cells. For instance, solar cells may help in extracting the hydrogen fuel from water. Other renewable resources may be used to get electricity from hydrogen fuel cells. For instance, solar cells may help in extracting the hydrogen fuel from water. https://youtu.be/r5b6SthDbsE 3:45 https://youtu.be/r5b6SthDbsE 3:45 https://youtu.be/r5b6SthDbsE

17. Conserving Energy Resources Energy resources can be conserved by reducing energy needs and by increasing the efficiency of energy use. Using energy more efficiently is called energy conservation. Energy resources can be conserved by reducing energy needs and by increasing the efficiency of energy use. Using energy more efficiently is called energy conservation. Some ways to conserve are: turning off lights when they are not in use, walking or biking for short trips or carpooling with others or using mass transportation. Some ways to conserve are: turning off lights when they are not in use, walking or biking for short trips or carpooling with others or using mass transportation. Using more energy efficient cars, appliances, and even light bulbs may help conserve energy through efficiency. Using more energy efficient cars, appliances, and even light bulbs may help conserve energy through efficiency.

18. Conclusion Nonrenewable energy resources include oil, natural gas, coal, and uranium. Nonrenewable energy resources include oil, natural gas, coal, and uranium. Renewable energy resources include hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, wind, and biomass. Renewable energy resources include hydroelectric, geothermal, solar, wind, and biomass. Energy resources can be conserved by reducing our energy needs and by increasing the efficiency of energy use. Making and using more energy efficient cars, appliances and even light bulbs increases the efficiency of energy use. Energy resources can be conserved by reducing our energy needs and by increasing the efficiency of energy use. Making and using more energy efficient cars, appliances and even light bulbs increases the efficiency of energy use.