1. Matter 2. States of Matter 3. Physical & Chemical Properties 4. Quantitative vs. Qualitative Properties 5. Physical & Chemical Changes 6. Energy

Matter Chemistry Biology Astronomy Physics Earth Sciences

What is Matter?  Matter is any substance that has both mass (collection of particles) and volume (takes up space).  Almost everything around us is matter including air and other gases.  Energy is not matter.

Atoms/Molecules in States of Matter Solid LiquidGas

Phases of matter What does it mean to be solid vs. a liquid or a gas?

Properties of Threes States StateAtomic/ Molecular Motion Atomic/ Molecular Spacing ShapeVolume Compressibility Solid Vibration about fixed pt Close together Definite Can’t Liquid Free to move Close together IndefiniteDefiniteA little Gas Free to move Far apartIndefinite Can

States or Phases of Matter Deposition

Bill Nye – Phases of Matter

Properties Properties are the characteristics used to identify a substance. Examples include, color, taste, smell, dimensions, density, etc. What are its properties? 

Types of Properties 1. Chemical vs. Physical Properties 2. Quantitative vs. Qualitative Properties These properties are not mutually exclusive. i.e. they can overlap. For instance a physical property can also be a qualitative property.

Chemical & Physical Properties  The characteristic is considered a chemical property if it describes the ability to react with another substance and form one or more new substances Example - Iron rusts. This is a chemical property because the observation of iron rusting causes the metal to change and become rusted and thus a new substance  The characteristic is considered a physical property if it can be observed and/or measured without a new substance being formed. Example - Freezing point of water. Measuring the temperature of the water doesn’t change it.

PropertyFor Gold State at room temperature Solid ColourYellow Density19.3 g/mL Melting point693 ºC Electrical conductivityGood Reactivity to acidNone Dissolves in waterNo Physical and Chemical Properties of Gold Physical Properties Chemical Properties

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Properties  They are subgroups of physical properties 1) Qualitative properties are descriptive properties.  Example- The car is red. 2) Quantitative properties are based on a number or measurement.  Example – It is 5°C outside.

Common Physical Properties Viscosity Melting Point Boiling Point Solubility Hardness Conductivity Density Colour Odour State Texture Lustre Malleability

Common Chemical Properties Reaction with Acid Reaction with another substance Combustibility (reaction with oxygen) Ability to rust

Practice with properties Identify the types of property for the following: 1. Food rots 2. An acid corrodes metal. 3. The weight of a gallon of oil is 7.5 pounds.

Practice with properties Identify the types of property for the following:  Food rots This is a chemical property as a new substance is formed.

Practice with properties Identify the types of property for the following:  An acid corrodes metal. This is a chemical property as the acid and metal are destroyed in observing this property.

Practice with properties Identify the types of property for the following:  The weight of a gallon of oil is 7.5 pounds. This is a physical property as the oil is not changed in making the observation. It is a quantitative property since a measurement is involved.

A chemical change results in new substance with different properties. A physical change may change the appearance of a substance but most of the properties will remain the same. Examples ChemicalPhysical Burning woodSawing wood Decomposing waterFreezing water Nail rustingCleaning rust with steel wool Chemical vs. Physical Change

1.A gas is given off. 2.A color change occurs. 3. A precipitate (solid) is formed. 4. Heat is absorbed or given off. 5. Electrons are transferred. Also, difficulty in reversing a change hints at a chemical change. Keep in mind these are only clues that a chemical change may have taken place. Proof still depends on a new substance being formed with new properties. Chemical Change Clues

Energy Energy is not matter, it has no mass and takes up no volume. It is the ability to do work and comes in many different forms including: -Heat -Mechanical – motion, position -Electrical -Sound -Chemical -Nuclear -Electromagnetic

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