1. Introduction to Matter
Unit 3-1
Introduction to Matter

2. I. Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume
Matter also has certain properties (traits or characteristics)

3. II. Properties
There are traits or characteristics that can be used to identify matter
Can be physical properties
Can be chemical properties

4. III. Physical Properties
a. Characteristics that can be observed without changing the material being studied.
b. Examples:
Color
Shape
Texture
Density
Phase or state (solid, liquid, gas)
Malleability (can be hammered into shapes)
Solubility (can dissolve in another substance)

5. IV. Physical Changes
Occur when one or more of the physical properties of a substance is changed.
Examples:
Tearing paper
Bending copper pipe
Breaking glass
Boiling water
Melting ice
. IMPORTANT: YOU STILL HAVE THE SAME MATERIAL!!
A change in shape, color or state of matter

6. V. Chemical Properties How a substance reacts with other substances.
Cannot be observed without changing the matter being studied
Examples:
Flammability (burning something)
Reactivity (how a substance reacts when mixed with another substance)

7. VI. Chemical Changes
Cause the composition (make-up) of a substance to be different.
A new substance is produced with new properties all its own.
Examples:
Burning paper
Acids corroding metals
Burning sugar
Rusting
A new substance is produced…you do NOT have what you started with

8. VII. Signs of a Chemical Change
Heat formation
Light formation
Gas formation
Color change
Formation of solid precipitate (materials that can’t be dissolved in a liquid)

9. Physical or Chemical Change?
Physical/Chemical Change Activity

10. VIII. Kinetic Molecular Theory
Theory that describes that all matter is made of particles that are always in motion (kinetic energy)
These particles collide with one another but do not stop moving.
The amount of energy in the particles determines the state (phase) of matter.

11. IX. Solids
The particles are very close together and cannot move past each other. They just vibrate back and forth in place.
This causes a solid to have:
A definite (set) shape
A definite (set) volume

12. X. Liquids
The particles are close together but can slide easily past one another.
This causes a Liquid to have:
A definite volume
NO definite shape (liquids take the shape of their container)

13. XI. Gas Particles in a gas are very far apart and moving freely.
This causes a gas to have:
NO definite shape
NO definite volume

14. State of Matter
Definite Volume?
Definite Shape?
Solid
 YES
YES
Liquid NO
Gas

15. Animation: Solids, Liquids and Gases

16. XII. Plasma
State of matter caused when high energy causes the atoms in matter to break apart into charged particles.
Most common form of matter in the universe (not earth) found on the sun and other stars.
Naturally occurring on earth in lightning, flames and auroras.
Produced in fluorescent and neon lights.

17. Activities
Matter Activities