ECO IDEAS ECO CITIZENS 21 st –26 th January 2013, Granada, Spain

What is the global warming? Global warming is increasing the average temperature of the atmosphere and oceans on Earth, which occurred from the 1950s. Often as a synonym for global warming using climate change. Evidence for warming of the climate system includes observed increases in global average air temperatures and ocean waters, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level.

Initial causes of the global warming 1. Greenhouse effect 2. Solar activity 3. Volcanic activity

There is a close connection between greenhouse gases and global warming

What the greenhouse gases are? o Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) o Water vapor (H 2 O) o Nitrous oxide (N 2 O), (NOx) o Methane (CH 4 ) o Chlorofluorocarbons o Sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) o Nitrogen trifluoride (NF 3 ) o Hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs)

Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) o Electric Power Station(EPS) o Burning Oil o Burning Coal o Burning of waste

Water vapor (H 2 O)

Nitrous oxide (N 2 O), or (NOx) o Thermal Power Station o Transport o Chemical Industry o Combustion

Methane (CH 4 ) o Decomposition of organic waste o Decay of organic waste o Marshes o Dumping-Ground

Chlorofluorocarbons o CFCs o Aerosol preparations

Properties of greenhouse gases o They have the ability to absorb and retain heat in the atmosphere o They have different absorption capacity

Consequences of the greenhouse effect o The sea level has risen of 10 to 25 centimeters during the last 100 years, mainly due to the expansion of water when heated. o Melting glaciers. o Permafrost in Alaska and Siberia have begun to melt, damaging ecosystems and infrastructure. o Heating and melting the tundra will lead to melting of organic matter and the release of captured carbon and methane.

Solar activity Solar activity means changes in the amount of solar radiation in form of energy. Scheme of solar energy over the years.

Volcanic activity This is a very fast process when a large volcano erupts for a few days in the atmosphere emit more gas than it can create all human activity for several months.

Underwater volcanoes o Underwater volcanoes warm water of the oceans. o Increased activity may lead to fertilization of ice with catastrophic consequences. o Volcanic eruption was accompanied with earthquakes, geysers and hot springs.

Reasons for the global warming The industrial revolution and the industrial society

A growing need for energy

The transport

Domestic heating

Consequence of the global warming Raising the temperature with 20 °C to industrial society today (after 1950).

Forecast: By the end of the 21st century temperature will increase with 1.5°C - 5°C.

Average global warming of 2°C means:  It threatens millions of people at risk of hunger, malaria and flooding. Billions face an increased risk of a shortage of Н2О.  Consequences especially for the poor and developing countries, especially in the region of the Sahara Desert, southern Asia, parts of Southeast Asia and Latin America.  It threatens harmful consequences main ecosystems of the Arctic and Antarctic to the tropics.

 The loss of forests, wildlife will affect all life on Earth.  Risks of melting of ice sheets and the possibility of raising the level of the World Ocean with meters in the next century, especially in Greenland and Antarctica (5-7 meters).  The increase in sea level threatens human life everywhere, especially in areas with low altitude.

NATURE IS ABUNDANT AND WELL BALANCED!

Our planet is in danger!

Reality that surrounds us today: Natural disasters (droughts, floods, heat waves, storms) Increasing the level of marine Migration of flora and fauna Gradual disappearance of glaciers Low yields of crops

Scheme of climate change over the years

Consequences of global warming and the greenhouse effect

The number of hurricanes has almost doubled for the last 30 years Melting of glaciers has increased more than twice for the last decade At least 279 species of plants and animals are already responding to the global warming Mortality would double in the next 25 years (up to 300,000 people per year)

Heat waves will be more intense and drought and forest fires - more often Global sea levels could rise with more than 1 meter strips melting of glaciers. This will destroy the coastal area around the world. By 2050 the ice of the Arctic Ocean can be fused.

How to keep the climate: Limiting greenhouse gas emissions(СО2, СН4, Н2О, CFCs) by humanity Reduced energy consumption Development and purchase of technologies with low CO2 Adapted measures (replacement of energy sources, increased use of alternative sources-wind, water and sunlight) Preservation of natural resources

What can each of us take to reduce global production of СО2 ? What can each of us take to reduce global production of СО2 ?

Steps by which "fix" global warming  step 1 Be informed about the environment. Express your opinion and concerns.  step 2 Take a quick shower instead of a bath. Wash your clothes in cold or lukewarm water.  step 3 Buy energy-saving fluorescent light bulbs for the places you use most often. Turn off lights whenever possible.

 step 4 Insulate walls and ceilings in your home in this way you can save about 25% of your heating bill.  step 5 If you need to change your windows, select a model that would save the most energy.  step 6 When you replace appliances in your home, choose an energy efficient model.  step 7 Turn off your water heater thermostat when water is hot enough for 5O degrees.

Climate change is too big problem, but each of us can contribute by changing everyday habits Here's what we do: We are trying to change attitudes towards nature and enhance ecological culture of the people around us. Planting even a tree near our house. We separate paper, plastic and glass for recycling. At home regular cleaning of air conditionings filters. The cleaned filter saves 15% of energy used.

Here's what we do: Unplug the charger when the battery is charged. Reduced 1 degree temperature of the rooms in which we live and learn. Use less aerosol sprays. Whenever possible the family go walking instead of using the family car.

SAVE THE PLANET!

Conclusion During the international meeting in Kyoto (Japan), dedicated to the global climate change in XXI century, delegates from 160 countries adopted the Convention requiring developed countries to reduce the discharge of carbon dioxide. The Kiotski Report require 38 industrialized countries to reduce the disposal of waste products containing 5% CO2 in the period of comparing in EU committed to cut CO2 disposal and more; heat emissions by 8%, in U.S. 7%, in Japan 6%. It is considering the volume of gas to be reduced.

Sources: Internet Kroos Agency Textbook of Chemistry for 9th grade Literature of the sector "Ecology" Pazardzhik Municipality Teacher's Guide-Diary Copyright Materials Academician Yordan Ivanov online edition of v.MONPRES-mont.press.com

Prepared by: This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This presentation reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Manager: Elena Gamizova - Teacher of Chemistry and environmental protection in PGIM Pazardzhik Silviya Boteva 10 th degree PGIM Pazardzhik Yanislav Petkov 9 th degree PGIM Pazardzhik

Thank you for your attention!